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Home / Equine Research Bank / Viruses / Clinical, Virological and Immunological Responses after Expe...
Viruses2022; 14(7); doi: 10.3390/v14071545

Clinical, Virological and Immunological Responses after Experimental Infection with African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 9 in Immunologically Naïve and Vaccinated Horses.

Abstract: This study described the clinical, virological, and serological responses of immunologically naïve and vaccinated horses to African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotype 9. Naïve horses developed a clinical picture resembling the cardiac form of African horse sickness. This was characterized by inappetence, reduced activity, and hyperthermia leading to lethargy and immobility-recumbency by days 9-10 post-infection, an end-point criteria for euthanasia. After challenge, unvaccinated horses were viremic from days 3 or 4 post-infection till euthanasia, as detected by serogroup-specific (GS) real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus isolation. Virus isolation, antigen ELISA, and GS-rRT-PCR also demonstrated high sensitivity in the post-mortem detection of the pathogen. After infection, serogroup-specific VP7 antibodies were undetectable by blocking ELISA (b-ELISA) in 2 out of 3 unvaccinated horses during the course of the disease (9-10 dpi). Vaccinated horses did not show significant side effects post-vaccination and were largely asymptomatic after the AHSV-9 challenge. VP7-specific antibodies could not be detected by the b-ELISA until day 21 and day 30 post-inoculation, respectively. Virus neutralizing antibody titres were low or even undetectable for specific serotypes in the vaccinated horses. Virus isolation and GS-rRT-PCR detected the presence of AHSV vaccine strains genomes and infectious vaccine virus after vaccination and challenge. This study established an experimental infection model of AHSV-9 in horses and characterized the main clinical, virological, and immunological parameters in both immunologically naïve and vaccinated horses using standardized bio-assays.
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Publication Date: 2022-07-15 PubMed ID: 35891525PubMed Central: PMC9316263DOI: 10.3390/v14071545Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a study performed to analyze how horses, both immune and non-immune, respond to the African Horse Sickness Virus (AHSV) serotype 9, through clinical, virological, and immunological angles.

Objective and Methodology

  • The study aimed to understand the response of immunologically naïve (never previously exposed) and vaccinated horses to African Horse Sickness Virus serotype 9.
  • To accomplish this, the researchers conducted an experimental infection study, effectively infecting horses under controlled conditions, observing their reactions and parameters using standardized bio-assays.

Findings in Naïve Horses

  • Naïve horses, when infected, exhibited symptoms similar to those seen in the cardiac form of African horse sickness. These include reduced activity, inappetence (loss of appetite), and increased body temperature, eventually leading to lethargy, immobility, and recumbency by 9-10 days post-infection.
  • These symptoms signified an endpoint for euthanasia. The unvaccinated horses were viremic (had viruses in their blood) from the 3rd or 4th day post-infection till they were euthanized.
  • Post-mortem examination revealed high sensitivity to the detection of the pathogen, with the help of virus isolation, antigen ELISA, and GS-rRT-PCR techniques.
  • However, serogroup-specific VP7 antibodies, which are supposed to respond to the infection, were undetectable in 2 of the 3 unvaccinated horses, suggesting that these particular horses didn’t develop a sufficient immune response during the course of the disease.

Findings in Vaccinated Horses

  • Vaccinated horses didn’t show significant side effects post-vaccination, and remained largely asymptomatic (without visible symptoms) postAHSV-9-infection.
  • In these horses, VP7-specific antibodies were undetectable until day 21 and day 30 post-inoculation.
  • Neutralization (reducing the impact) antibody titres against the virus were low or undetectable in the vaccinated horses for specific serotypes of the virus.
  • Vaccinated horses still had detectable AHSV vaccine strains and infectious vaccine virus present, as found by virus isolation and GS-rRT-PCR techniques.

Conclusion

  • This study was successful in setting up an experimental infection model for AHSV-9 in horses.
  • It was able to characterize the clinical, virological, and immunological parameters of both immunologically naïve and vaccinated horses during the course of the infection, potentially helping researchers to better understand and deal with AHSV-9.

Cite This Article

APA
Durán-Ferrer M, Villalba R, Fernández-Pacheco P, Tena-Tomás C, Jiménez-Clavero MÁ, Bouzada JA, Ruano MJ, Fernández-Pinero J, Arias M, Castillo-Olivares J, Agüero M. (2022). Clinical, Virological and Immunological Responses after Experimental Infection with African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 9 in Immunologically Naïve and Vaccinated Horses. Viruses, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071545

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 7

Researcher Affiliations

Durán-Ferrer, Manuel
  • Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain.
Villalba, Rubén
  • Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain.
Fernández-Pacheco, Paloma
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain.
Tena-Tomás, Cristina
  • Tecnologías y Servicios Agrarios, S.A, (TRAGSATEC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Jiménez-Clavero, Miguel-Ángel
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain.
  • CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Bouzada, José-Antonio
  • Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain.
Ruano, María-José
  • Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain.
Fernández-Pinero, Jovita
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain.
Arias, Marisa
  • Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Ctra. M-106, pk 8,1, 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain.
Castillo-Olivares, Javier
  • Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
Agüero, Montserrat
  • Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ctra. M-106, pk 1,4, 28110 Algete, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • African Horse Sickness / prevention & control
  • African Horse Sickness Virus
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Horses
  • Serogroup
  • Viral Vaccines

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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