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Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)2021; 31(6); 773-778; doi: 10.1111/vec.13089

CO-oximetry measurements and antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid and methylene blue in equine methemoglobinemic blood.

Abstract: To determine the effects of time after sampling on CO-oximetry measurements of equine blood samples and the effects of adding ascorbic acid (AscAc) and methylene blue (MetBlue) to samples with methemoglobinemia. Methods: Experimental study. Methods: University teaching hospital. Methods: Thirty healthy adult horses assigned to 5 groups. Methods: Repeated CO-oximetry determinations were performed on venous (n = 6) and arterial blood samples (n = 7) stored at 0°C for 48 hours. Methemoglobinemia was induced in vitro in 17 additional blood samples. Six were used as untreated controls, 6 had AscAc added, and 5 had MetBlue added. Total hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin (MetHb), and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SO ) were measured. Results: Oxyhemoglobin and SO increased from 69.8% ± 10.2% and 90% ± 3% to 82.8% ± 7.9% and 99% ± 3%, respectively, after 8 hours in venous blood (mean ± SD, P < 0.001). There was an effect of treatment (P = 0.032) and of time (interaction P = 0.003) on MetHb% in methemoglobinemic samples. The difference in absolute MetHb% from time 0 was as follows: 7.0% (interquartile range [IQR] = 21.2), -0.2% (IQR = 3.5), and -4.4% (IQR = 5.2) at 48 hours in control, AscAc, and MetBlue groups, respectively (P < 0.05). There was no effect of time on MetHb% in the AscAc group (23% [IQR = 52.6] at time 0 to 23.2% [IQR = 56.9] after 48 h). Conclusions: Storage of blood in ice water to determine O Hb and SO using a CO-oximeter should not exceed 4 hours. Measurement of MetHb% could be delayed by up to 48 hours if AscAc is added to the sample. MetBlue significantly decreased MetHb% over time. The limitations of this study include the fact that the antioxidant effects of AscAc and MetBlue were evaluated in vitro and not in vivo. Further studies are needed to evaluate different storage temperatures and syringe types.
© Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2021.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-24 PubMed ID: 34427385DOI: 10.1111/vec.13089Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the impact of time on CO-oximetry measurements in horse blood samples and how adding ascorbic acid and methylene blue affects methemoglobinemia in those samples. The study found that methylene blue significantly reduced hemoglobin’s oxidation over time, while time had no significant effect after adding ascorbic acid to the sample.

Study Procedures

  • The study involved an experimental study at a University Teaching Hospital, involving thirty healthy adult horses divided into five groups.
  • Repeated CO-oximetry, a test to measure the amount of different types of hemoglobin, was performed on blood samples drawn venously from six horses and arterially from seven horses. They were purportedly stored at a zero-degree Celsius for 48 hours.
  • Methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder where an abnormal amount of methemoglobin (a form of hemoglobin) is produced, was induced in vitro (in a lab environment, not in a live organism) in 17 additional blood samples. Six of these were left untreated as a control group, six had ascorbic acid (AscAc, or Vitamin C) introduced, and five had methylene blue (MetBlue, commonly used in medical treatments) added.
  • Several measurements were made from these samples, including total hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SO).

Results and Findings

  • Oxyhemoglobin and oxygen saturation increased significantly eight hours after storing the venous blood in ice water.
  • There was an observed effect of administered treatment and the time duration on the methemoglobin percentage in methemoglobinemic samples.
  • Methylene blue displayed a significant reduction in methemoglobin percentage over time.
  • While the methemoglobin percentage in ascorbic acid treated samples didn’t change significantly over 48 hours duration.

Conclusions and Future Work

  • The study concluded that storing blood in ice water for determining oxyhemoglobin and SO using a CO-oximeter should not exceed 4 hours as it would affect the result’s accuracy.
  • Measurement of methemoglobin percentage can be delayed or prolonged up to 48 hours if ascorbic acid is added to the blood sample, as it was observed to stabilise the percentage. Whereas, methylene blue expedited the decrease in methemoglobin percentage.
  • One crucial limitation of this study was that the antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid and methylene blue were evaluated under lab conditions (in vitro) and not in a real-life scenario (in vivo).
  • The researchers recommend conducting further experiments to evaluate different storage temperatures and syringe types for blood sampling.

Cite This Article

APA
Corradini I, Georges K, Jose-Cunilleras E. (2021). CO-oximetry measurements and antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid and methylene blue in equine methemoglobinemic blood. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio), 31(6), 773-778. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13089

Publication

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)
ISSN: 1476-4431
NlmUniqueID: 101152804
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 31
Issue: 6
Pages: 773-778

Researcher Affiliations

Corradini, Ignacio
  • Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU, Valencia, Spain.
Georges, Karla
  • Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Jose-Cunilleras, Eduard
  • Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Ascorbic Acid / pharmacology
  • Horses
  • Methylene Blue / pharmacology
  • Methylene Blue / therapeutic use
  • Oximetry / veterinary
  • Oxygen Saturation

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This article includes 20 references
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