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Veterinary dermatology2019; 30(6); 544-e165; doi: 10.1111/vde.12786

Co-reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen-specific IgE serology testing in the UK.

Abstract: Identification of environmental allergens in horses with allergic disease facilitates allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy. Objective: To evaluate allergenic co-reactivity between 44 environmental allergens. Methods: Horses with suspected allergic disease (n = 344) whose sera were submitted for environmental allergen testing. Methods: Allergen-specific IgE serological assays were performed using 44 allergens divided into six taxonomically related groups: house dust/storage mites, moulds, insects, grass, tree and weed pollens. Using pairwise comparisons, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each environmental pair to determine if there was increased or decreased likelihood of a positive result for one allergen, given a positive result to another. The OR significance was set (using Holm-Bonferroni correction) at P < 0.00006 for all horses (n = 344) and P < 0.00005 for horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239). Using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests (significance at P < 0.05), differences in mean log e ORs between three groups, taxonomically related allergens with a statistically significant association (related-associated), related allergens lacking a significant association (related-nonassociated) and unrelated allergens were tested. Results: Statistically significant associations were found between both related and unrelated allergen pairs, the former being more frequent. For all horses (n = 344) and horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239), co-reactivity ranged from 100% (grasses) to 0% (moulds). The weeds group was exceptional in having more co-reactions with another group (grasses). Conclusions: Co-reactivity was shown within and between certain related allergen groups. Further studies are required to determine whether this is the result of antigenic cross-reactivity. Background: L'identification d'allergènes environnementaux chez le cheval allergique facilite l’éviction et l'immunothérapie ciblée. HYPOTHÈSES/OBJECTIFS: Evaluer la co-réactivité allergénique entre 44 allergènes environnementaux. Unassigned: Des chevaux suspects d'allergie (n=344) dont les sera ont été soumis pour tests d'allergènes environnementaux. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Les tests sérologiques d'IgE spécifiques d'allergènes ont été réalisés à l'aide de 44 allergènes divisés en six groupes de taxonomie reliée : acariens de la poussière de maison/stockage, moisissures, insectes, pollens d'herbe, d'arbre et de graminées. A laide de comparaisons pairées, les odds ratios (Ors) ont été calculés pour chaque paire environnementale pour déterminer si il y avait une augmentation ou diminution de la probabilité d'un résultat positif pour un allergène donnant un résultat positif pour un autre. L'importance de l’OR a été définie (à l'aide d'une correction Holm-Bonferroni) à P < 0.00006 pour tous les chevaux (n=344) et P < 0.00005 pour les chevaux avec au moins une réaction positive (n=239). A l'aide d’ANOVA unidirectionnelle avec tests post hoc de Turkey (significatif à P < 0.05), les différences de log e moyen des ORs entre les trois groupes, les allergènes reliés par taxonomie avec une association statistiquement significative (apparenté-associé), les allergènes reliés manquant une association significative (reliés-non associés) et les allergènes non reliés ont été testés. RÉSULTATS: Des associations statistiquement significatives ont été trouvées entre les paires d'allergènes liés et non liés, ces derniers étaient plus fréquents. Pour tous les chevaux (n= 344) et les chevaux avec au moins une réaction positive (n=239), la co-réactivité évoluait de 100% (herbes) à 0% (moisissures). Le groupe des graminées présentait exceptionnellement des co-réactions avec le groupe des herbacées. Unassigned: La co-réactivité a été démontrée en intra et intergroupes d'allergènes. D'autres études sont nécessaires pour déterminer si ceci résulte d'une réaction antigénique croisée. INTRODUCCIÓN: la identificación de alérgenos ambientales en caballos con enfermedad alérgica facilita la exposición a alérgenos y la inmunoterapia dirigida. HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la co-reactividad alergénica entre 44 alérgenos ambientales. ANIMALES: caballos con sospecha de enfermedad alérgica (n = 344) cuyos sueros fueron sometidos a pruebas de alergenos ambientales. MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: se realizaron ensayos serológicos IgE específicos para alérgenos utilizando 44 alérgenos divididos en seis grupos taxonómicamente relacionados: ácaros del polvo doméstico/de almacenamiento, mohos, insectos, hierba, árboles y pólenes de malezas. Utilizando comparaciones pareadas, se calcularon las relaciones de probabilidad (OR) para cada par ambiental para determinar si había una probabilidad aumentada o disminuida de un resultado positivo para un alérgeno, dado un resultado positivo para el otro. La significación de OR se estableció (usando la corrección de Holm-Bonferroni) en P <0,00006 para todos los caballos (n = 344) y P <0,00005 para caballos con al menos una reacción positiva (n = 239). Se probaron usando ANOVA unidireccional con las pruebas post hoc de Tukey (significancia en P <0,05), diferencias en el logaritmo en base e (ln) de OR promedio entre tres grupos, alérgenos relacionados taxonómicamente con una asociación estadísticamente significativa (relacionada-asociada), alérgenos relacionados que carecen de una asociación significativa (relacionada-no asociada) y alergenos no relacionados. RESULTADOS: se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre pares de alérgenos relacionados y no relacionados, siendo el primero más frecuente. Para todos los caballos (n = 344) y los caballos con al menos una reacción positiva (n = 239), la co-reactividad varió de 100% (hierbas) a 0% (mohos). El grupo de malezas fue excepcional al tener más co-reacciones con otro grupo (hierbas). CONCLUSIONES E IMPORTANCIA CLÍNICA: la co-reactividad se mostró dentro de grupos y entre ciertos grupos de alérgenos relacionados. Se requieren más estudios para determinar si este es el resultado de reactividad cruzada antigénica. Unassigned: Die Identifizierung von Umweltallergenen bei Pferden mit allergischer Erkrankung ermöglicht eine Allergenvermeidung und eine gezielte Immuntherapie. Unassigned: Eine Evaluierung der allergenen Co-Reaktivität zwischen 44 Umweltallergenen. Unassigned: Pferde mit Verdacht auf allergische Erkrankung (n =344), deren Sera zum Austesten einer Umweltallergie eingesendet worden waren. Unassigned: Es wurden Allergen-spezifische IgE serologische Assays mittels 44 Allergenen, aufgeteilt in sechs taxonomisch verwandte Gruppen, durchgeführt: Hausstaub/Futtermittelmilben, Schimmelpilze, Insekten, Gras-, Baum- und Unkrautpollen. Bei Verwendung von paarweisen Vergleichen wurde die Odds Ratio (das Quotenverhältnis; ORs) für jedes Umweltpaar kalkuliert, um festzustellen, ob eine erhöhte oder verminderte Wahrscheinlichkeit für ein positives Ergebnis eines einzelnen Allergens bestand, wenn für das andere ein positives Ergebnis vorlag. Die OR Signifikanz wurde (mittels Holm-Bonferroni Korrektur) bei P < 0,00006 für alle Pferde (n = 344) und P < 0,00005 für Pferde mit mindestens einer positiven Reaktion (n = 239) festgelegt. Mittels One way ANOVA mit Tukey´s post hoc Tests (Signifikanz bei P < 0,05) wurden Unterschiede im Mean log e ORs zwischen drei Gruppen,nämlich taxonomisch verwandte Allergene mit einem statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhang (verwandt-assoziiert), verwandte Allergene, denen ein signifikanter Zusammenhang fehlte (verwandt-nicht-assoziiert) und unverwandte Allergene getestet. Unassigned: Statistisch signifikante Zusammenhänge wurden zwischen verwandten und auch nicht verwandten Allergenpaaren gefunden, wobei erstere häufiger betroffen waren. Bei allen Pferden (n = 344) und bei Pferden mit wenigstens einer positiven Reaktion (n = 239), reichte die Co-Reaktion von 100% (Gräser) bis 0% (Schimmelpilze). Die Unkräutergruppe war herausragend, da sie mehr Co-Reaktionen aufwies wie eine andere Gruppe (Gräser). Unassigned: Co-Reaktivität wurde innerhalb und zwischen einigen verwandten Allergengruppen gezeigt. Weitere Studien sind nötig, um herauszufinden, ob es sich dabei um eine antigene Kreuz-Reaktivität handelte. 背景: アレルギー性疾患を有する馬の環境アレルゲンの同定は、アレルゲン回避および標的免疫療法を円滑にする。 仮説/目的: 本研究の目的は、44種類の環境アレルゲン間のアレルギー反応を評価することである。 被験動物: アレルギー性疾患が疑われる馬(n = 344)。その血清を環境アレルゲン検査に提出した。 材料と方法: アレルゲン特異的IgE血清学的アッセイを、分類学的に関連する6つのグループ(ハウスダスト/貯蔵ダニ、カビ、昆虫、草、木および雑草の花粉)に分類した44アレルゲンを使用して実行した。対比較を使用して、各環境ペアのオッズ比(OR)を計算し、別のアレルゲンに対して陽性結果を得た場合、あるアレルゲンに対する陽性結果の可能性が増加または減少したかどうかを判断した。 ORの有意性を、Holm-Bonferroni補正を使用して、すべての馬はP <0.00006(n = 344)、少なくとも1つの陽性反応を示す馬(n = 239)はP <0.00005に設定した。 Tukeyの事後検定(P <0.05での有意性)を用いた一元配置分散分析を使用して、3グループ間(分類学的に関連した、統計学的に有意な関連性を持つアレルゲン(related-associated)、分類学的に関連した、統計学的に有意な関連性のないアレルゲン(related-nonassociated)および無関係のアレルゲンの平均log e ORの差をテストした。 結果: 分類学的に関連したアレルゲンペアおよび無関係なアレルゲンペアの両方で統計学的に有意な関連性を検出し、前者はより頻繁であった。すべての馬(n = 344)および少なくとも1つの陽性反応(n = 239)を持つ馬では、共反応性は100%(草)から0%(カビ)の範囲であった。雑草グループは、別のグループ(草)とのより多くの共反応を持つという点で例外的であった。 結論および臨床的重要性: 特定の分類学的に関連したアレルゲングループ内およびグループ間で共反応性を示した。これが抗原交差反応の結果であるかどうかを判断するには、さらなる研究が必要である。. 背景: 鉴定过敏马的环境过敏原有助于避开过敏原和开展靶向免疫治疗。 假设/目标: 评估44种环境过敏原之间的共反应性。 动物: 对怀疑过敏马(n = 344)的血清进行环境过敏原测试。 方法和材料: 使用44种过敏原进行过敏原特异性IgE血清学检测,分为六个分类相关组:屋尘螨/仓储螨、霉菌、昆虫、草、树和杂草花粉。通过两两比较,计算每个环境对的优势比(ORs),以确定一种过敏原的阳性结果,是否会增加或减弱另一种过敏原阳性结果。设定显著OR值(使用Holm-Bonferroni校正),所有马(n = 344)为P <0.00006,至少一项过敏原阳性(n = 239)的马为P <0.00005。在单因素方差分析后用Tukey检验(显著性P <0.05),依据统计学分类为关联显著的相关过敏原(相关)、关联不显著过敏原(相关-非关联)和不相关过敏原,检验这三组间平均log OR差异。 结果: 在相关和不相关的过敏原对之间,发现统计学关联显著,前者更明显。对于所有马(n = 344)和至少一项阳性反应(n = 239)的马,共反应范围从100%(草)至0%(霉菌)不等。杂草组与另一组(草)共反应更强。 结论和临床意义: 在某些相关过敏原组内和组间显示出共反应性。需要进一步研究来确定这是否是抗原交叉反应的结果。. Unassigned: A identificação de alérgenos ambientais em cavalos com doenças alérgicas facilita o afastamento de alérgenos e a imunoterapia específica. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Avaliar co-reatividade alergênica entre 44 alérgenos ambientais. Unassigned: Cavalos com suspeita de doença alérgica (n = 344) cujo soro foi testado para alérgenos ambientais. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Foram realizados ensaios sorológicos para IgE alérgeno-específica com 44 alérgenos divididos em quatro grupos relacionados taxonômicamente: ácaros da poeira doméstica/de estocagem, bolores, insetos, gramíneas, pólens de árvores e herbáceas. Utilizando comparações pareadas, calculou-se odds ratios (ORs) para cada par ambiental a fim de se determinar se havia probabilidade aumentada ou diminuída de se apresentar um resultado positivo para um alérgeno, no caso de positividade ao outro. A significância do OR foi configurada (utilizando a correção de Holm-Bonferroni) como P < 0.00006 para todos os cavalos (n = 344) e P < 0.00005 para os cavalos com ao menos uma reação positiva (n = 239). Utilizando a ANOVA unidirecional e os testes post hoc de Tukey (significância de P < 0.05), testou-se as diferenças nos logaritmos médios e ORs entre os três grupos, alérgenos taxonômicamente relacionados com uma associação estatisticamente significativa (relacionados e associados), alérgenos relacionados sem relação significativa (relacionados não associados) e alérgenos não relacionados. Results: Associações estatisticamente significativas foram observadas entre pares de alérgenos relacionados e não relacionados, o primeiro sendo mais frequente. Para todos os cavalos (n = 344) e cavalos com ao menos uma reação positiva (n = 239), a reação cruzada variou entre 100% (gramíneas) e 0% (bolores). O grupo das herbáceas foi uma exceção por apresentar mais reação cruzada com outro grupo (gramíneas). CONCLUSÕES E IMPORTÂNCIA CLÍNICA: Observou-se co-reatividade dentro e entre certos grupos de alérgenos relacionados. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar se isso é devido à reação cruzada alergênica.
Publication Date: 2019-08-29 PubMed ID: 31464011DOI: 10.1111/vde.12786Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Evaluation Study
  • Journal Article
  • Observational Study
  • Veterinary

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the co-reactivity of 44 different environmental allergens in horses with suspected allergies. By performing allergen-specific IgE serological assays and statistically evaluating the results, the study finds significant associations between related and unrelated allergen pairs.

Objective

The core objective of this study was to evaluate allergenic co-reactivity between 44 environmental allergens in horses showing symptoms of allergic disease. Through these tests, the researchers aimed to create an understanding that would aid in allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy for horses.

Methods

  • The study involved 344 horses with suspected allergic disease whose sera were tested for environmental allergen sensitivity.
  • The researchers performed allergen-specific IgE serological assays using 44 different allergens, which they divided into six taxonomically related groups like house dust/storage mites, moulds, insects, grass, tree, and weed pollens.
  • The researchers applied pairwise comparisons and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for every environmental pair to see if testing positive for one allergen might lead to increased or decreased likelihood of a positive result for another allergen.
  • Statistical significance thresholds were set using Holm-Bonferroni correction at P < 0.00006 for all horses and P < 0.00005 for horses with at least one positive reaction.
  • The research team employed one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests to examine the differences in mean log e ORs between three groups—taxonomically related allergens with a significant association, related allergens lacking a significant association, and unrelated allergens.

Results

  • The research found statistically significant associations between both related and unrelated allergen pairs, with the related pairs being more frequent.
  • Co-reactivity ranged from 100% for grasses to 0% for moulds in both total horses and those with at least one positive reaction.
  • The weed group stood out for having more co-reactions with another group (grasses).

Conclusion

The study concluded that there is co-reactivity both within and between certain related allergen groups. However, the researchers also emphasized that further studies are needed to ascertain whether this co-reactivity results from antigenic cross-reactivity. The findings have significant implications for addressing allergic diseases in horses through allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy.

Cite This Article

APA
Forsyth J, Halliwell RE, Harrand R. (2019). Co-reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen-specific IgE serology testing in the UK. Vet Dermatol, 30(6), 544-e165. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12786

Publication

ISSN: 1365-3164
NlmUniqueID: 9426187
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 6
Pages: 544-e165

Researcher Affiliations

Forsyth, Johanna
  • Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK.
Halliwell, Richard E
  • Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
Harrand, Robert
  • Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Allergens / immunology
  • Animals
  • Fungi / immunology
  • Horses / immunology
  • Hypersensitivity / veterinary
  • Immunoglobulin E / blood
  • Immunoglobulin E / immunology
  • Poaceae / immunology
  • Pollen / immunology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Serologic Tests / veterinary
  • Skin Tests / veterinary
  • United Kingdom

Grant Funding

  • Avacta Animal Health

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