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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Collection of cerebrospinal fluid in 50 adult healthy donkey...
BMC veterinary research2021; 17(1); 302; doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-03007-4

Collection of cerebrospinal fluid in 50 adult healthy donkeys (Equus asinus): clinical complications, and cytological and biochemical constituents.

Abstract: Diseases of the central nervous system are a well-recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in equine. Collection and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) give information about the type and stage of degenerative and inflammatory diseases in central nervous system (CNS). The present research aimed to assess the clinical complications of CSF collections and to establish range values of cytological and biochemical parameters of CSF in adult healthy donkeys (Equus asinus). The CSF samples were collected from fifty healthy donkeys at the lumbosacral (LS) and atlanto-occipital (AO) sites. Results: Hypothermia, tachycardia, ataxia and recumbency may develop post-puncture. Erythrocytes were noticed in 35 of 50 CSF samples. Total nucleated cell counts ranged from 0 to 6 cells/μL, and lymphocytes predominated the cells (61%). The concentration of glucose (1.2 to 5.3 mmol/L) was lower than that of serum (P < 0.05). The CSF sodium concentration (123 to 160 mmol/L) was approximately like that of serum, but potassium (1.5-3 mmol/L) was lower than that of serum (P < 0.01). Urea concentrations (1.1-2.9 mmol/L) were markedly lower than serum (P < 0.001). Concentrations of CSF total proteins, and albumin ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 g/dL, and from 0.002 to 0.013 g/dL, respectively. The albumin quotient ranged from 0.06 to 0.56. Conclusions: Transient hypothermia, tachycardia, ataxia and recumbency may develop as clinical complications of CSF puncture procedures. The collection site has no impact on the constituents in CSF. Furthermore, this study presented the range values for normal cytological and biochemical constituents of CSF in donkeys (Equus asinus) that can provide a basis in comparison when evaluating CSF from donkeys with neurologic diseases.
© 2021. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2021-09-09 PubMed ID: 34503510PubMed Central: PMC8428111DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03007-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The study focuses on determining the clinical complications that can occur from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collections in adult donkeys and establishing the range values for CSF. The researchers found that temporary body cooling, rapid heart rate, loss of muscle coordinate, and the state of lying down unwilling to get up may result from CSF collection. Still, the process appeared not to affect CSF’s constituents.

Objective and Methodology of the Study

  • The primary objective of this study was to scrutinize the possible clinical complications arising from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collections in adult donkeys. Furthermore, the research aimed to establish the range values of cytological and biochemical parameters of CSF.
  • For the study, CSF samples were obtained from fifty healthy adult donkeys at two sites, the lumbosacral (LS) and the atlanto-occipital (AO).

Findings of the Study

  • It was noted that some temporary conditions could result from the CSF collection process. These include hypothermia (abnormally low body temperature), tachycardia (rapid heart rate), ataxia (loss of full control of bodily movements), and recumbency (the state of lying down unwilling to get up).
  • Upon analysis, erythrocytes or red blood cells were observed in 35 of the 50 CSF samples collected. Total nucleated cell counts varied from 0 to 6 cells/μL with lymphocytes being the most prevalent cells at 61%.
  • When the study analyzed the biochemical parameters, it found variations in different compounds’ concentrations compared to the serum levels. The glucose concentration in the CSF was found to be lower than that of the serum. Similarly, levels of potassium and urea in the CSF were also significantly lower than those in the serum.
  • In contrast, the sodium concentration in the CSF was comparable to that in the serum. The total proteins and albumin concentrations in the CSF were also determined, with the albumin quotient ranging from 0.06 to 0.56.

Conclusion and Implications

  • CSF collection results in temporary conditions like hypothermia, ataxia, tachycardia, and recumbency. However, these complications do not affect the constituents of the CSF, implying that the collection site has no significant impact on CSF constituents.
  • This study is beneficial as it provides the normal range values for cytological and biochemical constituents of CSF in healthy donkeys. These range values can serve as a comparison basis when evaluating CSF from donkeys with neurologic diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Abdelhakiem MAH, Hussein HA. (2021). Collection of cerebrospinal fluid in 50 adult healthy donkeys (Equus asinus): clinical complications, and cytological and biochemical constituents. BMC Vet Res, 17(1), 302. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-03007-4

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Pages: 302
PII: 302

Researcher Affiliations

Abdelhakiem, Mohammed A H
  • Department of Animal Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
Hussein, Hussein Awad
  • Internal Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt. hhussein@aun.edu.eg.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Ataxia / etiology
  • Ataxia / veterinary
  • Cell Count
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid / chemistry
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid / cytology
  • Equidae / cerebrospinal fluid
  • Hypothermia / etiology
  • Hypothermia / veterinary
  • Reference Values
  • Spinal Puncture / adverse effects
  • Spinal Puncture / veterinary
  • Tachycardia / etiology
  • Tachycardia / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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