Comparative dendritic cell biology of veterinary mammals.
Abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) have a main function in innate immunity in that they sense infections and environmental antigens at the skin and mucosal surfaces and thereby critically influence decisions about immune activation or tolerance. As professional antigen-presenting cells, they are essential for induction of adaptive immune responses. Consequently, knowledge on this cell type is required to understand the immune systems of veterinary mammals, including cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, and horses. Recent ontogenic studies define bona fide DC as an independent lineage of hematopoietic cells originating from a common precursor. Distinct transcription factors control the development into the two subsets of classical DC and plasmacytoid DC. These DC subsets express a distinguishable transcriptome, which differs from that of monocyte-derived DC. Using a comparative approach based on phenotype and function, this review attempts to classify DC of veterinary mammals and to describe important knowledge gaps.
Publication Date: 2014-10-06 PubMed ID: 25387110DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111009Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Review
Summary
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This research focuses on understanding dendritic cells (DC) and their functions in the immune systems of various veterinary mammals, such as cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, and horses. The paper discusses the roles of these cells in recognizing infections and environmental antigens, as well as triggering adaptive immune responses.
Dendritic Cells and Their Roles
- Dendritic cells (DCs) are an integral part of the immune system. They play a crucial role in identifying infections and environmental antigens that the body may encounter through the skin and mucosal surfaces. These cells are significant in deciding whether the body should trigger an immune response or maintain tolerance.
- Being professional antigen-presenting cells, DCs are also necessary to trigger adaptive immune responses. These responses are a part of body’s mechanism to protect itself from previously encountered foreign substances or pathogens.
Importance of Understanding Dendritic Cells in Veterinary Mammals
- The study emphasizes the need to understand the functioning of DCs to comprehend the immune systems of various veterinary mammals including, but not limited to, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, and horses.
- Such understanding can potentially help in developing more effective treatments for diseases in these animals. The knowledge gained can also bring insights into improving overall animal health and disease resistance.
Ontogenic Studies and Dendritic Cells
- Recent ontogenic studies, which deal with the origin and the developmental process of an organism, define DCs as an independent lineage of hematopoietic cells. Hematopoietic cells are responsible for the formation of other blood cells.
- These studies identify that DCs originate from a common progenitor or precursor cell. This development process of DCs is controlled by distinct transcription factors, which regulate the making of RNA from DNA.
- These factors guide the development into the two subsets of DCs, classical DC and plasmacytoid DC. These subsets have different properties, having a distinguishable transcriptome (the sum total of all the RNA molecules expressed from the genes of an organism) which separates them from monocyte-derived DCs.
Review and Classification
- The review uses a comparative approach based on phenotype (observable characteristics) and function, to classify the DCs of veterinary mammals.
- In the process, the review also aims to address and highlight the knowledge gaps that currently exist in our understanding of this critical segment of the immune system.
Cite This Article
APA
Summerfield A, Auray G, Ricklin M.
(2014).
Comparative dendritic cell biology of veterinary mammals.
Annu Rev Anim Biosci, 3, 533-557.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111009 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; email: Artur.Summerfield@ivi.admin.ch.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic / immunology
- Cell Differentiation
- Dendritic Cells / cytology
- Dendritic Cells / immunology
- Immunity, Innate
- Transcriptome
Citations
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