Comparison among three different serological methods for the detection of equine influenza virus infection.
Abstract: The equine influenza virus (EIV) H3N8 subtype is responsible for all EIV outbreaks worldwide while the H7N7 subtype is less pathogenic and is considered extinct as it has not been confirmed in outbreaks since 1980. Although EIV is enzootic in Brazil, few reports describe the actual EIV antibody status in the country. The aims of this study were: - to evaluate the efficiency of different serum treatments described by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to remove non-specific haemagglutination inhibitors for the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for EIV - to evaluate the presence of EIV antibodies by HI, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agar gel immunodiffusion in 83 non-vaccinated equines from São Paulo State - to evaluate a strategy to better analyse equine sera for EIV antibodies. Although there was no statistical difference among treatments, receptor-destroying enzyme treatment followed by chicken erythrocyte adsorption showed more consistent results, which corroborate the OIE and WHO recommendation to use this treatment preferentially. The HI results suggest equine H3N8 virus circulation among the animals tested from São Paulo State. The algorithm suggested here could be used to guide antibody detection against equine influenza virus in equines, improving the test specificity by aiming to avoid false positive results. Tous les foyers de grippe équine dans le monde sont dus au sous-type H3N8 du virus. Le sous-type H7N7, moins pathogène, est considéré comme éteint, sa présence n’ayant été confirmée dans aucun des foyers enregistrés depuis 1980. Au Brésil, la grippe équine est enzootique mais la prévalence d’anticorps dans le pays est peu documentée. La présente étude avait trois objectifs : – évaluer l’efficacité de plusieurs traitements de sérums décrits par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) et l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) sur la suppression des inhibiteurs d’hémagglutination non spécifiques, afin de pouvoir utiliser l’épreuve d’inhibition de l’hémagglutination pour la détection de la grippe équine, – évaluer la présence d’anticorps dirigés contre la grippe équine chez 83 chevaux non vaccinés de l’état de São Paulo en utilisant l’inhibition de l’hémagglutination, l’épreuve immuno-enzymatique (ELISA) et l’épreuve d’immunodiffusion en gélose (IDG) ; – évaluer une stratégie visant à améliorer les techniques sérologiques de détection des anticorps dirigés contre la grippe équine. S’il n’y a pas eu de différence statistique significative entre les traitements, celui faisant appel à l’enzyme de destruction du récepteur suivi d’une adsorption sur érythrocytes de poule a permis d’obtenir les résultats les plus cohérents, ce qui corrobore les recommandations de l’OIE et de l’OMS en faveur de ce traitement. Les résultats obtenus au moyen de l’inhibition de l’hémagglutination indiquent que le virus H3N8 est présent parmi les animaux testés de l’état de São Paulo. L’algorithme présenté par les auteurs pourrait servir de modèle pour détecter la présence d’anticorps dirigés contre le virus de la grippe équine chez les chevaux : en effet, il permet d’éviter les résultats faussement positifs, ce qui améliore la spécificité du test utilisé. El subtipo H3N8 del virus de la gripe equina (VGE) es el agente etiológico de todos los brotes que se producen en el mundo, mientras que el subtipo H7N7, menos patogénico, se da por extinto, en la medida en que desde 1980 no se ha confirmado su intervención en brote alguno. Aunque en el Brasil el VGE es enzoótico, existen pocos trabajos que den cuenta de la situación real del país en cuanto a la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus. Los autores describen un estudio que perseguía los siguientes objetivos: – evaluar la eficacia de distintos tratamientos séricos descritos por la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para eliminar los inhibidores inespecíficos de la hemaglutinación con objeto de aplicar la técnica de inhibición de la hemaglutinación a la detección del VGE; – evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el VGE por inhibición de la hemaglutinación, ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA) e inmunodifusión en gel de agar en 83 ejemplares equinos no vacunados del estado de São Paulo; – evaluar una estrategia encaminada a analizar más eficazmente sueros equinos para detectar en ellos anticuerpos anti-VGE. Aunque no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tratamientos, el uso de enzimas destructores de receptores seguido de la técnica de adsorción de eritrocitos de pollo arrojó resultados más coherentes, cosa que avala la recomendación de la OIE y la OMS de privilegiar este tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos por inhibición de la hemaglutinación parecen indicar que el virus H3N8 equino circula entre los animales analizados del estado de São Paulo. El algoritmo aquí propuesto podría servir de guía para detectar en equinos la presencia de anticuerpos contra el VGE. Puesto que apunta a evitar falsos positivos, su aplicación mejoraría la especificidad de la prueba.
Publication Date: 2018-08-31 PubMed ID: 30160701DOI: 10.20506/rst.36.3.2714Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of various serum treatments for equine influenza virus (EIV) detection, through different serological methods. The researchers also evaluated the presence of EIV antibodies in non-vaccinated equines from São Paulo State, and suggested a strategy to enhance equine sera analysis for EIV antibodies.
Purpose and methods of the research
- The primary objective of the study was to evaluate different serum treatments provided by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to remove non-specific haemagglutination inhibitors for the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. HI is a serological test used for the detection of certain types of viruses, including EIV.
- The researchers also sought to measure the presence of EIV antibodies in 83 non-vaccinated equines from São Paulo State, using three different assays – HI, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and agar gel immunodiffusion.
- Finally, the study aimed to propose a method to effectively analyze equine sera for EIV antibodies prevention of false-positive results, thereby improving the specificity of the test.
Key findings from the research
- The results showed that though there was no significant statistical difference among the treatments, the receptor-destroying enzyme treatment followed by chicken erythrocyte adsorption yielded more consistent results. This supported the OIE and WHO recommendation to use this treatment preferentially.
- The HI data implied the presence of equine H3N8 virus among the tested animals from São Paulo State, indicating virus circulation in this population.
- The researchers proposed an algorithm that could be employed to guide antibody detection against EIV in equines. The goal of this approach is to avoid false-positive findings to improve the specificity of the detection test.
Significance of the research
- This research is essential as it evaluates the efficacy of recommended serum treatments for EIV detection and helps identify the presence of this virus among non-vaccinated equines in São Paulo State.
- The suggested algorithm offers a groundwork to better detect EIV antibodies in equines, potentially leading to enhanced disease management and treatment strategies for equine health.
Cite This Article
APA
Favaro PF, Reischak D, Brandao PE, Villalobos EMC, Cunha EMS, Lara MCC, Benvenga GU, Dias RA, Mori E, Richtzenhain LJ.
(2018).
Comparison among three different serological methods for the detection of equine influenza virus infection.
Rev Sci Tech, 36(3), 789-798.
https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.36.3.2714 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
- Serologic Tests / methods
- Serologic Tests / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Gonzalez-Obando J, Forero JE, Zuluaga-Cabrera AM, Ruiz-Saenz J. Equine Influenza Virus: An Old Known Enemy in the Americas.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Oct 14;10(10).
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