Comparison Between the Direct Method and Friedewald’s Formula for the Determination of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Serum Levels in Horses.
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the use of enzymatic colorimetry and Friedewald's formula for the determination of LDL in horses. A total of 260 samples were used. Direct analysis was performed to determine low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). The LDL level was calculated using the Friedewald equation (LDL= TC-HDL-TG/5). The correlations between the direct LDL analysis and the LDL calculated using the Friedewald formula were determined by Pearson's tests, and the coefficient of determination was also obtained by linear regression using SAS software (P<.05) and the kappa value. The mean value (± standard deviation) of the LDL was 22.12 (±10.34) mg/dL, and that of the result obtained by the Friedewald formula was 19.94 (±19.13) mg/dL. The correlation between the two variants analyzed in this experiment was significant, with a value of P < .001, and values of r = 0.688 and R = 0.4893. These results are relevant, given that recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between LDL plasma values and equine metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have reported discrepancies between the data obtained using Friedewald's method and the LDL-c values directly determined in humans and animals. The results of the present study suggest that the Friedewald method can be used to estimate the LDL plasma concentration in horses. Nevertheless, the coefficient of determination was not found to be adequate to recommend the Friedewald formula as a replacement for the enzymatic colorimetric method in determining LDL in horses.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2023-01-24 PubMed ID: 36702199DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104230Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The plain language overview: This research is meant to compare two ways of measuring Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in horses: enzymatic colorimetry and Friedewald’s formula. The results suggest that Friedewald’s formula is a suitable method but shouldn’t replace enzymatic colorimetry.
Research Methodology
- In their study, the researchers used 260 samples. Their investigation aimed at comparing the performance between enzymatic colorimetry method and a calculated method using Friedewald’s formula in determining the level of LDL cholesterol in the equine blood samples.
- They carried out a direct analysis on these samples, wherein they determined LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC).
- Furthermore, they used Friedewald’s equation (LDL= TC-HDL-TG/5) to calculate the level of LDL cholesterol.
Statistical Analysis and Findings
- A statistical comparison between the direct LDL analysis and the LDL calculated using Friedewald’s formula was done using Pearson’s tests. They also calculated the coefficient of determination through a linear regression using SAS software.
- In the results, the mean value of the LDL was 22.12 mg/dL, and that of the result obtained by the Friedewald formula was 19.94 mg/dL.
- The correlation between the two methods was found to be significant with a P-value less than .001 and values of r = 0.688 and R = 0.4893.
- These findings are important because recent studies have already shown a correlation between LDL plasma values and equine metabolic syndrome.
Comparison and Contribution of the Study
- Though previous studies reported discrepancies between the data obtained using Friedewald’s method and the LDL-c values directly determined in humans and animals, this piece of research has proven that the Friedewald method can estimate the LDL plasma concentration in horses.
- However, the coefficient of determination was not found to be adequate to recommend the Friedewald formula as a full replacement for the enzymatic colorimetric method in measuring LDL in horses.
Conclusion
- Overall, this study provides valuable insights and contributes to better practices towards LDL cholesterol level estimation in horses.
- Even though the Friedewald formula yielded close results, enzymatic colorimetry remains the more accurate method of the two for this specific purpose.
Cite This Article
APA
Ribeiro RM, Ribeiro DDSF, Cota LO, Carvalho AM, Gobesso AAO, Faleiros RR.
(2023).
Comparison Between the Direct Method and Friedewald’s Formula for the Determination of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Serum Levels in Horses.
J Equine Vet Sci, 122, 104230.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104230 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: vetrodrigo@msn.com.
- Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil.
- Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Universidade de São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; CNPq and FAPEMIG Fellow, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Humans
- Animals
- Horses
- Cholesterol, LDL
- Cholesterol, HDL
- Metabolic Syndrome / veterinary
- Horse Diseases
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest Comparison between the direct method and Friedewald's formula for the determination of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels in horses The authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. Author names: Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro, Debora da Silva Freitas Ribeiro, Leticia Oliveira Cota, Armando Mattos Carvalho, Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira Gobesso, Rafael Resende Faleiros This statement is signed by all the authors to indicate agreement that the above information is true and correct: Author's name (typed) Author's signature Date Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira Gobesso October, 12th, 2022 Debora da Silva Freitas Ribeiro October, 12(th), 2022 Armando Mattos Carvalho October, 12th, 2022 Leticia Oliveira Cota October, 12th, 2022 Rodrigo Martins Ribeiro October, 12th, 2022 Rafael Resende Faleiros October, 12th, 2022
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