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Home / Equine Research Bank / Am J Vet Res / Comparison of antibody detection assays for the diagnosis of...
American journal of veterinary research2005; 66(5); 921-928; doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.921

Comparison of antibody detection assays for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections in horses.

Abstract: To compare methods of detecting equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV1)- and EHV4-specific antibodies in horse sera. Methods: 33 acute and convalescent serum samples from experimentally or naturally infected horses after confirmed EHV1 or EHV4 infection. Methods: For each sample, serum antibody titers against EHV1 and EHV4 were determined by use of virus neutralization (VN) and complement fixation (CF) assays. The ELISA absorbance values for each serum sample were determined against the EHV1 and EHV4 recombinant ELISA antigens. Values obtained for acute and convalescent sera in each assay were compared. Results: Following experimental infection of foals, EHV1 or EHV4 antibodies that were specific for the inoculating virus were detected only by use of the ELISA. Results of VN and CF assays indicated that the foals seroconverted to EHV1 and EHV4 following infection with EHV4 only. After EHV1-induced abortion, myeloencephalitis, or respiratory tract disease, the VN and CF assay results revealed seroconversion to EHV1 and EHV4, whereas results of the ELISA revealed seroconversion to EHV1 only. Similarly, after confirmed EHV4-induced respiratory tract disease, increases in EHV4-specific antibodies were detected only by use of the ELISA with no indication of an increase in EHV1 antibodies. The CF and, to a lesser degree, VN assays revealed that seroconversion to EHV1 and EHV4 occurred between the time of obtaining acute and convalescent serum samples. Conclusions: The EHV1/EHV4 type-specific antibody ELISA clearly identifies horses that have been infected with EHV1 or EHV4 by use of acute and convalescent sera. Results of VN and CF assays indicate that cross-reactive antibodies greatly limit their use.
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Publication Date: 2005-06-07 PubMed ID: 15934623DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.921Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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The research is a comparative study of various methods of detecting equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4, concluding that the ELISA method is the most effective for diagnosing both types of infections in horses.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The study comprised 33 acute and convalescent serum samples from horses either naturally or experimentally infected with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) or equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV4).
  • For each sample, the researchers measured serum antibody titers against EHV1 and EHV4 using virus neutralization (VN) and complement fixation (CF) assays. The ELISA absorbance values for each sample were also determined against the EHV1 and EHV4 recombinant ELISA antigens.
  • The values obtained from these tests for acute and convalescent sera were then compared to verify the effectiveness of each detection method.

Results and Findings

  • Following the experimental infection of the foals, the research found that antibodies specific to the infection (whether EHV1 or EHV4) were only detectable using the ELISA method.
  • The results of VN and CF assays indicated that foals seroconverted to both EHV1 and EHV4 infections after being infected with EHV4 only, making these detection methods less precise.
  • After EHV1-induced illnesses (abortion, myeloencephalitis, or respiratory tract disease), the VN and CF assays revealed seroconversion to both EHV1 and EHV4. The ELISA, however, detected seroconversion to only EHV1, showing its accuracy in differentiating between the two types of infection.
  • Similar results were observed with confirmed EHV4-induced respiratory tract disease where only the ELISA test could detect a distinct increase in EHV4-specific antibodies.

Conclusions

  • The results indicate that the EHV1/EHV4 type-specific antibody ELISA is the most reliable method to identify horses infected with either EHV1 or EHV4 using acute and convalescent sera.
  • The VN and CF assays demonstrated a high degree of cross-reactivity, indicating that they are less accurate in distinguishing between the two types of infections.

Cite This Article

APA
Hartley CA, Wilks CR, Studdert MJ, Gilkerson JR. (2005). Comparison of antibody detection assays for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections in horses. Am J Vet Res, 66(5), 921-928. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.921

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 66
Issue: 5
Pages: 921-928

Researcher Affiliations

Hartley, Carol A
  • School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Wilks, Colin R
    Studdert, Michael J
      Gilkerson, James R

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Antibodies, Viral / blood
        • Complement Fixation Tests / veterinary
        • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
        • Herpesviridae Infections / diagnosis
        • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
        • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / immunology
        • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
        • Horses
        • Neutralization Tests / veterinary

        Citations

        This article has been cited 6 times.
        1. Mureşan A, Mureşan C, Siteavu M, Avram E, Bochynska D, Taulescu M. An Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus-4 in an Ecological Donkey Milk Farm in Romania.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 18;10(3).
          doi: 10.3390/vaccines10030468pubmed: 35335100google scholar: lookup
        2. Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1.. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
          doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7036pubmed: 35035581google scholar: lookup
        3. El Brini Z, Fassi Fihri O, Paillot R, Lotfi C, Amraoui F, El Ouadi H, Dehhaoui M, Colitti B, Alyakine H, Piro M. Seroprevalence of Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and Equine Herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) in the Northern Moroccan Horse Populations.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Sep 29;11(10).
          doi: 10.3390/ani11102851pubmed: 34679874google scholar: lookup
        4. Yildirim Y, Yilmaz V, Kirmizigul AH. Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) infections in horses and donkeys in northeastern Turkey.. Iran J Vet Res 2015 Fall;16(4):341-4.
          pubmed: 27175200
        5. Walter J, Seeh C, Fey K, Bleul U, Osterrieder N. Clinical observations and management of a severe equine herpesvirus type 1 outbreak with abortion and encephalomyelitis.. Acta Vet Scand 2013 Mar 5;55(1):19.
          doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-19pubmed: 23497661google scholar: lookup
        6. Goodman LB, Wimer C, Dubovi EJ, Gold C, Wagner B. Immunological correlates of vaccination and infection for equine herpesvirus 1.. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012 Feb;19(2):235-41.
          doi: 10.1128/CVI.05522-11pubmed: 22205656google scholar: lookup
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