FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet J / Comparison of autologous bone marrow and adipose tissue deri...
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)2017; 224; 76-84; doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.005

Comparison of autologous bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, and platelet rich plasma, for treating surgically induced lesions of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon.

Abstract: Several therapies have been investigated for equine tendinopathies, but satisfactory long term results have not been achieved consistently and a better understanding of the healing mechanism elicited by regenerative therapies is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the separate effects of autologous bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and platelet rich plasma (PRP), for treating lesions induced in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses. Lesions were created surgically in both SDFTs of the forelimbs of 12 horses and were treated with BM-MSCs (six tendons), AT-MSCs (six tendons) or PRP (six tendons). The remaining six tendons received lactated Ringer's solution as control. Serial ultrasound assessment was performed prior to treatment and at 2, 6, 10, 20 and 45 weeks post-treatment. At 45 weeks, histopathology and gene expression analyses were performed. At week 6, the ultrasound echogenicity score in tendons treated with BM-MSCs suggested earlier improvement, whilst all treatment groups reached the same level at week 10, which was superior to the control group. Collagen orientation scores on histological examination suggested a better outcome in treated tendons. Gene expression was indicative of better tissue regeneration after all treatments, especially for BM-MSCs, as suggested by upregulation of collagen type I, decorin, tenascin and matrix metalloproteinase III mRNA. Considering all findings, a clear beneficial effect was elicited by all treatments compared with the control group. Although differences between treatments were relatively small, BM-MSCs resulted in a better outcome than PRP and AT-MSCs.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2017-05-02 PubMed ID: 28697880DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.005Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research is about assessing the effectiveness of three different treatments for injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon in horses. The best results were seen with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, but all treatments were better than the control.

Background and Objectives

  • The authors of this study wanted to understand the mechanism of healing enhanced by regenerative therapies on equine tendinopathies. Despite numerous therapies being investigated, consistent satisfactory long-term results haven’t been achieved.
  • The three therapies in testing were autologous bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs respectively), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP).
  • The goal was to compare the respective effects of these treatments on surgically induced lesions in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses.

Methods

  • The researchers created lesions in both SDFTs of the forelimbs of 12 horses.
  • Six tendons were treated with BM-MSCs, six with AT-MSCs, and six with PRP. A control group of the remaining six tendons were treated with a lactated Ringer’s solution.
  • They then carried out an ultrasound assessment prior to the treatment and at the intervals of 2, 6, 10, 20, and 45 weeks post-treatment.
  • At the 45-week mark, the scientists performed histopathology and gene expression analyses.

Results

  • At week 6, tendons treated with BM-MSCs showed signs of earlier improvement in the ultrasound echogenicity score. However, by week 10, all treatment groups had the same level which was superior to the control group.
  • On histological examination, collagen orientation scores hinted at a better outcome in treated tendons than in the control group.
  • Gene expression analyses pointed to improved tissue regeneration in all treatment groups, especially the BM-MSC group. This was suggested by the upregulation of collagen type I, decorin, tenascin, and matrix metalloproteinase III mRNA.

Conclusions

  • The findings of the study demonstrated a clear beneficial effect from all treatments compared to the control group.
  • Of the three treatments, the outcomes from the BM-MSCs were slightly superior to the outcomes from PRP and AT-MSCs, indicating it as the more promising candidate for treating equine tendinopathies.

Cite This Article

APA
Romero A, Barrachina L, Ranera B, Remacha AR, Moreno B, de Blas I, Sanz A, Vázquez FJ, Vitoria A, Junquera C, Zaragoza P, Rodellar C. (2017). Comparison of autologous bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, and platelet rich plasma, for treating surgically induced lesions of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. Vet J, 224, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.005

Publication

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
ISSN: 1532-2971
NlmUniqueID: 9706281
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 224
Pages: 76-84

Researcher Affiliations

Romero, A
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Barrachina, L
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Ranera, B
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Remacha, A R
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Moreno, B
  • Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
de Blas, I
  • Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Sanz, A
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Vázquez, F J
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Vitoria, A
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Junquera, C
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Zaragoza, P
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
Rodellar, C
  • Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain. Electronic address: rodellar@unizar.es.

MeSH Terms

  • Adipose Tissue / cytology
  • Animals
  • Autografts
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / surgery
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Intraoperative Complications / therapy
  • Intraoperative Complications / veterinary
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / veterinary
  • Platelet-Rich Plasma
  • Tendinopathy / therapy
  • Tendinopathy / veterinary
  • Tendon Injuries / etiology
  • Tendon Injuries / therapy
  • Tendon Injuries / veterinary
  • Tendons / diagnostic imaging
  • Tendons / pathology
  • Tendons / surgery
  • Ultrasonography / veterinary

Citations

This article has been cited 43 times.
  1. Carmona JU, López C, Argüelles D. Addressing Heterogeneity in Equine PRP Therapies: A Scoping Review of Methods, Evidence, and Commercial Validation. Animals (Basel) 2025 Dec 13;15(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15243586pubmed: 41463871google scholar: lookup
  2. Najeb M, Samy A, Rizk A, Mosbah E, Karrouf G. Regenerative biologics modulating inflammation and promoting tenogenesis in equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis: from molecular pathways to clinical translation. Ir Vet J 2025 Sep 17;78(1):21.
    doi: 10.1186/s13620-025-00309-zpubmed: 40963139google scholar: lookup
  3. Schmitz C, Alt C, Wuerfel T, Milz S, Dinzey J, Hill A, Sikes KJ, Burton LH, Easley J, Stewart HL, Puttlitz CM, Gadomski BC, Labus KM, Pearce DA, Maffulli N, Alt EU. Regeneration of Biomechanically Functional Tendon Tissue Following Injection of Uncultured, Autologous, Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells into Partial Achilles Tendon Defects in Rabbits. Int J Mol Sci 2025 Jul 16;26(14).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms26146800pubmed: 40725049google scholar: lookup
  4. Carmona JU, López C. Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Equine Tendon and Ligament Injuries: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies. Vet Sci 2025 Apr 18;12(4).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040382pubmed: 40284884google scholar: lookup
  5. de Oliveira Ferreira LV, Maia L, de Andrade DGA, da Costa Kamura B, de Carvalho M, Amorim RM. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on traumatic facial nerve paralysis in two horses. Vet Res Commun 2025 Feb 25;49(2):118.
    doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10692-1pubmed: 39998709google scholar: lookup
  6. Jankowski M, Stefańska K, Suchodolski M, Dompe C, Wąsiatycz G, Kempisty B, Nowicki M, Roszak M. Differential regulation of apoptosis-related genes during long-term culture and differentiation of canine adipose-derived stem cells - a functional bioinformatical analysis. Front Genet 2024;15:1515778.
    doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1515778pubmed: 39834550google scholar: lookup
  7. Ortega-Cebrián S, Soler-Rich R, Orozco L, Rodas G. Evaluation of Patellar Tendon Structural Changes following Biological Treatments: Secondary Analysis of Double-Blinded Clinical Trial of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma. Biomedicines 2024 Jul 18;12(7).
    doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12071599pubmed: 39062172google scholar: lookup
  8. Li H, Li Y, Luo S, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Li S. The roles and mechanisms of the NF-κB signaling pathway in tendon disorders. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1382239.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382239pubmed: 38978635google scholar: lookup
  9. Taguchi T, Lopez M, Takawira C. Viable tendon neotissue from adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023;11:1290693.
    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1290693pubmed: 38260742google scholar: lookup
  10. Mao XF, Zhang XQ, Yao ZY, Mao HJ. Advances in mesenchymal stem cells therapy for tendinopathies. Chin J Traumatol 2024 Jan;27(1):11-17.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2023.11.002pubmed: 38052701google scholar: lookup
  11. Jeannerat A, Meuli J, Peneveyre C, Jaccoud S, Chemali M, Thomas A, Liao Z, Abdel-Sayed P, Scaletta C, Hirt-Burri N, Applegate LA, Raffoul W, Laurent A. Bio-Enhanced Neoligaments Graft Bearing FE002 Primary Progenitor Tenocytes: Allogeneic Tissue Engineering & Surgical Proofs-of-Concept for Hand Ligament Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2023 Jul 3;15(7).
    doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071873pubmed: 37514060google scholar: lookup
  12. Petrova V, Vachkova E. Outlook of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Challenges to Their Clinical Application in Horses. Vet Sci 2023 May 12;10(5).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10050348pubmed: 37235430google scholar: lookup
  13. Sebbagh P, Hirt-Burri N, Scaletta C, Abdel-Sayed P, Raffoul W, Gremeaux V, Laurent A, Applegate LA, Gremion G. Process Optimization and Efficacy Assessment of Standardized PRP for Tendinopathies in Sports Medicine: Retrospective Study of Clinical Files and GMP Manufacturing Records in a Swiss University Hospital. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023 Mar 25;10(4).
    doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10040409pubmed: 37106596google scholar: lookup
  14. Sebbagh P, Cannone A, Gremion G, Gremeaux V, Raffoul W, Hirt-Burri N, Michetti M, Abdel-Sayed P, Laurent A, Wardé N, Applegate LA. Current Status of PRP Manufacturing Requirements & European Regulatory Frameworks: Practical Tools for the Appropriate Implementation of PRP Therapies in Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023 Feb 24;10(3).
    doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10030292pubmed: 36978683google scholar: lookup
  15. Soltanfar A, Meimandi Parizi A, Foad-Noorbakhsh M, Sayyari M, Iraji A. The healing effects of thymoquinone on experimentally induced traumatic tendinopathy in rabbits. J Orthop Surg Res 2023 Mar 23;18(1):233.
    doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-03706-8pubmed: 36949516google scholar: lookup
  16. Miescher I, Rieber J, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of IGF-1 Delivery Strategies on Tendon Healing: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jan 25;24(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms24032370pubmed: 36768692google scholar: lookup
  17. Quintero D, Perucca Orfei C, Kaplan LD, de Girolamo L, Best TM, Kouroupis D. The roles and therapeutic potentialof mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their extracellular vesicles in tendinopathies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023;11:1040762.
    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1040762pubmed: 36741745google scholar: lookup
  18. El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, Helal MAY, Tanaka R. The Pivotal Role of Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Vet Sci 2022 Nov 21;9(11).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110648pubmed: 36423096google scholar: lookup
  19. Rezaei F, Khasaf S, Ghasemi S, Parham A, Mirshokraei P. How to maintain and transport equine adipose tissue for isolating mesenchymal stem cells?. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jul 21;18(1):284.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03379-1pubmed: 35864533google scholar: lookup
  20. Miguel-Pastor L, Satué K, Chicharro D, Torres-Torrillas M, Del Romero A, Peláez P, Carrillo JM, Cuervo B, Sopena JJ, Cerón JJ, Rubio M. Evaluation of a Standardized Protocol for Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Obtention in Cats: A Prospective Study. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:866547.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.866547pubmed: 35498746google scholar: lookup
  21. Roth SP, Burk J, Brehm W, Troillet A. MSC in Tendon and Joint Disease: The Context-Sensitive Link Between Targets and Therapeutic Mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022;10:855095.
    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855095pubmed: 35445006google scholar: lookup
  22. Knott LE, Fonseca-Martinez BA, O'Connor AM, Goodrich LR, McIlwraith CW, Colbath AC. Current use of biologic therapies for musculoskeletal disease: A survey of board-certified equine specialists. Vet Surg 2022 May;51(4):557-567.
    doi: 10.1111/vsu.13805pubmed: 35383972google scholar: lookup
  23. Depuydt E, Broeckx SY, Chiers K, Patruno M, Da Dalt L, Duchateau L, Saunders J, Pille F, Martens A, Van Hecke L, Spaas JH. Cellular and Humoral Immunogenicity Investigation of Single and Repeated Allogeneic Tenogenic Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatments in Horses Suffering From Tendon Injuries. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:789293.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.789293pubmed: 35281431google scholar: lookup
  24. Melotti L, Carolo A, Elshazly N, Boesso F, Da Dalt L, Gabai G, Perazzi A, Iacopetti I, Patruno M. Case Report: Repeated Intralesional Injections of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined With Platelet-Rich Plasma for Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Healing in a Show Jumping Horse. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:843131.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.843131pubmed: 35252428google scholar: lookup
  25. Doll CU, Niebert S, Burk J. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Adapt to Chronic Tendon Disease Environment with an Initial Reduction in Matrix Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Nov 26;22(23).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms222312798pubmed: 34884602google scholar: lookup
  26. Mocchi M, Bari E, Dotti S, Villa R, Berni P, Conti V, Del Bue M, Squassino GP, Segale L, Ramoni R, Torre ML, Perteghella S, Grolli S. Canine Mesenchymal Cell Lyosecretome Production and Safety Evaluation after Allogenic Intraarticular Injection in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021 Nov 15;11(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11113271pubmed: 34828003google scholar: lookup
  27. Prządka P, Buczak K, Frejlich E, Gąsior L, Suliga K, Kiełbowicz Z. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Veterinary Medicine and Their Use in Musculoskeletal Disorders. Biomolecules 2021 Aug 2;11(8).
    doi: 10.3390/biom11081141pubmed: 34439807google scholar: lookup
  28. Gaesser AM, Underwood C, Linardi RL, Even KM, Reef VB, Shetye SS, Mauck RL, King WJ, Engiles JB, Ortved KF. Evaluation of Autologous Protein Solution Injection for Treatment of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in an Equine Model. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:697551.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.697551pubmed: 34291103google scholar: lookup
  29. Segabinazzi LGTM, Podico G, Rosser MF, Nanjappa SG, Alvarenga MA, Canisso IF. Three Manual Noncommercial Methods to Prepare Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma. Animals (Basel) 2021 May 21;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11061478pubmed: 34063777google scholar: lookup
  30. Laurent A, Abdel-Sayed P, Grognuz A, Scaletta C, Hirt-Burri N, Michetti M, de Buys Roessingh AS, Raffoul W, Kronen P, Nuss K, von Rechenberg B, Applegate LA, Darwiche SE. Industrial Development of Standardized Fetal Progenitor Cell Therapy for Tendon Regenerative Medicine: Preliminary Safety in Xenogeneic Transplantation. Biomedicines 2021 Apr 3;9(4).
    doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9040380pubmed: 33916829google scholar: lookup
  31. Montano C, Auletta L, Greco A, Costanza D, Coluccia P, Del Prete C, Meomartino L, Pasolini MP. The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Treatment of Tenodesmic Lesions in Horses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Experimental Data. Animals (Basel) 2021 Mar 12;11(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11030793pubmed: 33809227google scholar: lookup
  32. Depuydt E, Broeckx SY, Van Hecke L, Chiers K, Van Brantegem L, van Schie H, Beerts C, Spaas JH, Pille F, Martens A. The Evaluation of Equine Allogeneic Tenogenic Primed Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Surgically Induced Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Lesion Model. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:641441.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.641441pubmed: 33748217google scholar: lookup
  33. Ribitsch I, Oreff GL, Jenner F. Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 19;11(1).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11010234pubmed: 33477808google scholar: lookup
  34. Chen G, Zhang W, Zhang K, Wang S, Gao Y, Gu J, He L, Li W, Zhang C, Zhang W, Li M, Hao Q, Zhang Y. Hypoxia-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibit Stronger Tenogenic Differentiation Capacities and Promote Patellar Tendon Repair in Rabbits. Stem Cells Int 2020;2020:8822609.
    doi: 10.1155/2020/8822609pubmed: 33133195google scholar: lookup
  35. Luesma MJ, Cantarero I, Sánchez-Cano AI, Rodellar C, Junquera C. Ultrastructural evidence for telocytes in equine tendon. J Anat 2021 Mar;238(3):527-535.
    doi: 10.1111/joa.13335pubmed: 33070316google scholar: lookup
  36. Jankowski M, Dompe C, Sibiak R, Wąsiatycz G, Mozdziak P, Jaśkowski JM, Antosik P, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M. In Vitro Cultures of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: An Overview of Methods, Molecular Analyses, and Clinical Applications. Cells 2020 Jul 27;9(8).
    doi: 10.3390/cells9081783pubmed: 32726947google scholar: lookup
  37. Voga M, Adamic N, Vengust M, Majdic G. Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Current State and Treatment Options. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:278.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00278pubmed: 32656249google scholar: lookup
  38. Mocchi M, Dotti S, Bue MD, Villa R, Bari E, Perteghella S, Torre ML, Grolli S. Veterinary Regenerative Medicine for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Can Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Secretome Be the New Frontier?. Cells 2020 Jun 11;9(6).
    doi: 10.3390/cells9061453pubmed: 32545382google scholar: lookup
  39. Ikeda Y, Ishihara A, Nakajima M, Yamada K. Risk factors for superficial digital flexor tendinopathy in Thoroughbred racing horses in Japan. J Equine Sci 2019;30(4):93-98.
    doi: 10.1294/jes.30.93pubmed: 31871411google scholar: lookup
  40. Rodas G, Soler R, Balius R, Alomar X, Peirau X, Alberca M, Sánchez A, Sancho JG, Rodellar C, Romero A, Masci L, Orozco L, Maffulli N. Autologous bone marrow expanded mesenchymal stem cells in patellar tendinopathy: protocol for a phase I/II, single-centre, randomized with active control PRP, double-blinded clinical trial. J Orthop Surg Res 2019 Dec 16;14(1):441.
    doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1477-2pubmed: 31842921google scholar: lookup
  41. Zarychta-Wiśniewska W, Burdzińska A, Zielniok K, Koblowska M, Gala K, Pędzisz P, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Fogtman A, Aksamit A, Kulesza A, Zołocińska A, Pączek L. The Influence of Cell Source and Donor Age on the Tenogenic Potential and Chemokine Secretion of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019;2019:1613701.
    doi: 10.1155/2019/1613701pubmed: 31205472google scholar: lookup
  42. Barrachina L, Remacha AR, Romero A, Vitoria A, Albareda J, Prades M, Roca M, Zaragoza P, Vázquez FJ, Rodellar C. Assessment of effectiveness and safety of repeat administration of proinflammatory primed allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in an equine model of chemically induced osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res 2018 Aug 17;14(1):241.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1556-3pubmed: 30119668google scholar: lookup
  43. Wilson JM, McKenzie E, Duesterdieck-Zellmer K. International Survey Regarding the Use of Rehabilitation Modalities in Horses. Front Vet Sci 2018;5:120.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00120pubmed: 29942811google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.