Comparison of high (5%) and low (1%) concentrations of micellar microemulsion propofol formulations with a standard (1%) lipid emulsion in horses.
Abstract: To compare anesthesia-related events associated with IV administration of 2 novel micellar microemulsion preparations (1% and 5%) and a commercially available formulation (1%) of propofol in horses. Animals-9 healthy horses. Methods: On 3 occasions, each horse was anesthetized with 1 of the 3 propofol formulations (1% or 5% microemulsion or 1% commercial preparation). All horses received xylazine (1 mg/kg, IV), and anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg, IV). Induction and recovery events were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Venous blood samples were obtained before and at intervals following anesthesia for quantification of clinicopathologic variables. Results: Compared with the commercial formulation, the quality of anesthesia induction in horses was slightly better with the micellar microemulsion formulas. In contrast, recovery characteristics were qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable among treatment groups (eg, time to stand after anesthesia was 34.3 +/- 7.3 minutes, 34.1 +/- 8.8 minutes, and 39.0 +/- 7.6 minutes in horses treated with the commercial formulation, 1% microemulsion, and 5% microemulsion, respectively). During recovery from anesthesia, all horses stood on the first attempt and walked within 5 minutes of standing. No clinically relevant changes in hematologic and serum biochemical analytes were detected during a 3-day period following anesthesia. Conclusions: Results suggest that the micellar microemulsion preparation of propofol (1% or 5%) has similar anesthetic effects in horses, compared with the commercially available lipid propofol formulation. Additionally, the micellar microemulsion preparation is anticipated to have comparatively low production costs and can be manufactured in various concentrations.
Publication Date: 2006-09-05 PubMed ID: 16948589DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.9.1476Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article is about a study conducted to compare the efficiency and effects of two new micellar microemulsion formulations of propofol (at 1% and 5% concentrations) with a standard commercially available propofol formulation in horse anesthesia. The study found similar anesthetic effects among all formulations while the production costs of the micellar microemulsion propofol are expected to be comparatively low.
Study Methods
- The study was conducted on nine healthy horses.
- In order to observe the effects of different formulations of propofol, each horse was anesthetized with 1% or 5% micellar microemulsion propofol or 1% commercial preparation, on three different occasions.
- The horses were first given xylazine and then anesthesia was induced with propofol.
- The quality and process of the horses’ anesthesia induction and recovery were closely monitored and assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively.
- Blood samples were taken both before and after anesthesia to measure various clinical markers.
Study Results
- Compared to the commercially available 1% propofol, horses anesthetized with the micellar microemulsion formulations had a slightly improved quality of anesthesia induction.
- However, recovery times were similar across all groups under consideration.
- All horses recovered without significant issues, being able to stand from a first attempt and walk within 5 minutes after standing.
- The research did not find significant changes in hematologic and serum biochemical markers in the 3 days post-anesthesia.
Conclusions
- The micellar microemulsion formulations of propofol, both at 1% and 5%, were found to have very similar anesthetic effects in comparison to the commercially available propofol formulation.
- Interestingly, the study also deduces that these new formulations can be produced at lower costs and can be made with variable concentrations, providing further options for anesthesia administration.
Cite This Article
APA
Boscan P, Steffey EP, Farver TB, Mama KR, Huang NJ, Harris SB.
(2006).
Comparison of high (5%) and low (1%) concentrations of micellar microemulsion propofol formulations with a standard (1%) lipid emulsion in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 67(9), 1476-1483.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.67.9.1476 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences and Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia / veterinary
- Anesthesia Recovery Period
- Anesthetics, Intravenous / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Intravenous / chemistry
- Animals
- Blood Cell Count / veterinary
- Blood Chemical Analysis / veterinary
- Body Temperature / drug effects
- Cross-Over Studies
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Emulsions / administration & dosage
- Emulsions / chemistry
- Female
- Heart Rate / drug effects
- Horses / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Micelles
- Propofol / administration & dosage
- Propofol / chemistry
- Respiration / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
- Morey TE, Modell JH, Garcia JE, Bewernitz M, Derendorf H, Varshney M, Gravenstein N, Shah DO, Dennis DM. Thromboelastographic and pharmacokinetic profiles of micro- and macro-emulsions of propofol in swine. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2010 Jul;31(5-6):269-77.
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