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Applied microbiology1972; 24(3); 398-404; doi: 10.1128/am.24.3.398-404.1972

Comparison of immunization methods for producing reference adenovirus antisera in horses.

Abstract: Horses were immunized by a variety of inoculation procedures designed to determine the most efficient method of producing antisera to adenovirus types 25 to 31. The procedures evaluated included immunization by (i) direct intravenous (iv) injection, (ii) iv infusion, (iii) intramuscular (im) injection of virus with and without Freund's incomplete adjuvant, (iv) combined iv and im injections, and (v) combined iv infusion and im injection. The im schedule (no. 3) was superior to the others in terms of immunizing antigen and time required, and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and serum-neutralizing (SN) antibody levels produced. HI and SN tests performed with sera before and after heating at 56 C for 30 min showed that heat-inactivation was not necessary for tests with equine antisera.
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Publication Date: 1972-09-01 PubMed ID: 4562476PubMed Central: PMC376530DOI: 10.1128/am.24.3.398-404.1972Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research tackles finding the most efficient method for generating adenovirus antisera in horses, with the intramuscular injection method demonstrating superior results, and the study also revealed that heat-inactivation is not necessary for testing equine antisera.

Immunization Procedures

  • The scientists used a variety of inoculation procedures to determine the most efficient method of producing antisera for adenovirus types 25 to 31 in horses.
  • The inoculation procedures evaluated included immunization by direct intravenous injection, intravenous infusion, intramuscular injection of virus with and without Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, combined intravenous and intramuscular injections, and combined intravenous infusion and intramuscular injection.

Results and Findings

  • The intramuscular injection method (both with and without Freund’s incomplete adjuvant) was found to be the most effective in terms of the immunizing antigen produced and the time required for the procedure.
  • Additionally, this method resulted in higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibition and serum-neutralizing antibodies, both of which are critical for the body’s immune response to the virus.

Implications on Heat Inactivation

  • One of the notable findings of the study was that heat-inactivation was not necessary for tests with equine antisera. This was determined by conducting hemagglutination-inhibition and serum-neutralizing tests before and after heating the sera at 56°C for 30 minutes.
  • This implies a potential simplification of the testing process, as the step of heating can be eliminated without compromising the accuracy of the results. This could lead to more efficient testing methods in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Hierholzer JC, Gamble WC, Quist KD, Chappell WA. (1972). Comparison of immunization methods for producing reference adenovirus antisera in horses. Appl Microbiol, 24(3), 398-404. https://doi.org/10.1128/am.24.3.398-404.1972

Publication

Applied microbiology
ISSN: 0003-6919
NlmUniqueID: 7605802
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
Pages: 398-404

Researcher Affiliations

Hierholzer, J C
    Gamble, W C
      Quist, K D
        Chappell, W A

          MeSH Terms

          • Adenoviridae / immunology
          • Animals
          • Antibodies / analysis
          • Antigens, Viral / administration & dosage
          • Antigens, Viral / isolation & purification
          • Complement Fixation Tests
          • Evaluation Studies as Topic
          • Freund's Adjuvant
          • Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
          • Horses / immunology
          • Hot Temperature
          • Immune Sera / standards
          • Immunization
          • Immunization Schedule
          • Immunologic Techniques
          • Infusions, Parenteral
          • Injections, Intramuscular
          • Injections, Intravenous
          • Neutralization Tests
          • Time Factors
          • Virus Cultivation

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 8 times.
          1. Hierholzer JC, Kemp MC, Gary GW Jr, Spencer HC. New human adenovirus associated with respiratory illness: candidate adenovirus type 39. J Clin Microbiol 1982 Jul;16(1):15-21.
            doi: 10.1128/jcm.16.1.15-21.1982pubmed: 6179962google scholar: lookup
          2. Gamble WC, George EH, Fears MB, Sanderlin DW, Chappell WA. Effect of adjuvant vaccines on dengue virus type 2 immune ascitic fluid production. J Clin Microbiol 1985 Mar;21(3):452-3.
            doi: 10.1128/jcm.21.3.452-453.1985pubmed: 3980697google scholar: lookup
          3. Hierholzer JC, Stone YO, Broderson JR. Antigenic relationships among the 47 human adenoviruses determined in reference horse antisera. Arch Virol 1991;121(1-4):179-97.
            doi: 10.1007/BF01316753pubmed: 1759904google scholar: lookup
          4. Hierholzer JC, Gamble WC, Dowdle WR. Reference equine antisera to 33 human adenovirus types: homologous and heterologous titers. J Clin Microbiol 1975 Jan;1(1):65-74.
            doi: 10.1128/jcm.1.1.65-74.1975pubmed: 1236869google scholar: lookup
          5. White LA, Gamble WC, Chappell WA. Production of influenza virus complement-fixing antibody in mouse ascitic fluid. J Clin Microbiol 1975 Oct;2(4):287-91.
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          6. Hierholzer JC, Pumarola A. Antigenic characterization of intermediate adenovirus 14-11 strains associated with upper respiratory illness in a military camp. Infect Immun 1976 Feb;13(2):354-9.
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          7. Hierholzer JC, Atuk NO, Gwaltney JM Jr. New human adenovirus isolated from a renal transplant recipient: description and characterization of candiate adenovirus type 34. J Clin Microbiol 1975 Apr;1(4):366-76.
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          8. Stalder H, Hierholzer JC, Oxman MN. New human adenovirus (candidate adenovirus type 35) causing fatal disseminated infection in a renal transplant recipient. J Clin Microbiol 1977 Sep;6(3):257-65.
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