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Comparison of lipopolysaccharides and soluble CD14 measurement between clinically endotoxaemic and nonendotoxaemic horses.
Abstract: Clinically useful biomarkers are needed for early identification of endotoxaemic horses. Soluble CD14 (sCD14) is amplified early in response to inflammatory signals, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and may prove a useful biomarker for clinical endotoxaemia. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if sCD14 could serve as a more reliable biomarker of the clinical signs of endotoxaemia, compared to measuring LPS alone. Methods: Prospective observational study in horses at a veterinary teaching hospital. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 20 healthy horses and 35 horses presenting for emergency evaluation. Horses were classified as clinically endotoxaemic, using previously established criteria, if they had a heart rate >70 beats/min, packed cell volume >45% and/or a lesion likely to result in endotoxaemia. Soluble CD14 was measured using a cytometric bead-based assay and LPS was measured using a Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. Results: Soluble CD14 was higher in horses classified as clinically endotoxaemic (median 1102 ng/ml, interquartile range 439 ng/ml), compared to clinically nonendotoxaemic (median 692 ng/ml, interquartile range 455 ng/ml, P = 0.03. There was no difference in LPS concentrations between clinically nonendotoxaemic (median 5.4 endotoxin units [EU]/ml, interquartile range 5 EU/ml) and endotoxaemic horses (median 7.2 EU/ml, interquartile range 17 EU/ml, P = 0.2). There was no correlation between sCD14 and LPS values in paired serum samples. LPS and sCD14 values were used to generate a receiver operating characteristic curve. The area under the curve for LPS and sCD14 was <0.7, suggesting that sCD14 and LPS were poor predictors of clinical endotoxaemia for the horses in this study. Conclusions: Further investigation is warranted to assess the utility of sCD14 measurement as a clinically useful biomarker to identify endotoxaemia in horses.
© 2016 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2016-05-06 PubMed ID: 27060869DOI: 10.1111/evj.12582Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research relates to veterinary medicine, exploring the potential of soluble CD14 (sCD14) as a reliable biomarker for early identification of endotoxaemia in horses. Despite early promise, both sCD14 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed poor predictability in this context, leading to a conclusion that further investigation is required.
Research Objective and Methodology
- The study aimed to establish if sCD14 could be an effective and reliable biomarker for detecting early signs of clinical endotoxaemia in horses, and if it could outperform the current measure, bacterial LPS.
- The researchers implemented a prospective observational study, involving 20 healthy horses and 35 horses presenting for emergency evaluation at a veterinary teaching hospital.
- The sample classification was based on existing criteria for clinical endotoxaemia, such as a heart rate exceeding 70 beats/min, packed cell volume surpassing 45%, or the presence of a lesion likely to result in endotoxaemia.
- To measure the levels of sCD14 and LPS, the team used a cytometric bead-based assay and a Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, respectively.
Research Findings
- Comparison of the findings showed higher soluble CD14 in horses identified as clinically endotoxaemic. However, there was no significant difference in LPS concentrations between endotoxaemic and nonendotoxaemic horses.
- Also, the study did not find any correlation between the sCD14 and LPS values in paired serum samples.
- Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve for LPS and sCD14 suggested that both markers were poor predictors of clinical endotoxaemia in the studied horses.
Conclusions and Future Recommendations
- Despite initial optimism, the study concluded that sCD14 is not a superior biomarker to LPS for predicting endotoxaemia in horses.
- The inability of both sCD14 and LPS to effectively predict endotoxaemia led the researchers to recommend further investigation into the potential use of sCD14 as a biomarker in a clinical context.
Cite This Article
APA
Fogle J, Jacob M, Blikslager A, Edwards A, Wagner B, Dean K, Fogle C.
(2016).
Comparison of lipopolysaccharides and soluble CD14 measurement between clinically endotoxaemic and nonendotoxaemic horses.
Equine Vet J, 49(2), 155-159.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12582 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biomarkers / blood
- Endotoxemia / blood
- Endotoxemia / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / blood
- Lipopolysaccharides
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Mukhopadhyay A, Cook SR, SanMiguel P, Ekenstedt KJ, Taylor SD. TLR4 and MD2 variation among horses with differential TNFα baseline concentrations and response to intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion. Sci Rep 2023 Jan 27;13(1):1486.
- Ziegler AL, Blikslager AT. Sparing the gut: COX-2 inhibitors herald a new era for treatment of horses with surgical colic. Equine Vet Educ 2020 Nov;32(11):611-616.
- Scavone D, Sgorbini M, Borges AS, Oliveira-Filho JP, Vitale V, Paltrinieri S. Serial measurements of Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia. BMC Vet Res 2020 Nov 4;16(1):422.
- Sheats MK. A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:69.
- Ziegler AL, Fogle CA, Burke M, Blikslager AT. Letter to the Editor: Bias in statistics or bias in equine veterinary medicine?. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):423.
- Ziegler AL, Freeman CK, Fogle CA, Burke MJ, Davis JL, Cook VL, Southwood LL, Blikslager AT. Multicentre, blinded, randomised clinical trial comparing the use of flunixin meglumine with firocoxib in horses with small intestinal strangulating obstruction. Equine Vet J 2019 May;51(3):329-335.
- Blikslager A, Gonzalez L. Equine Intestinal Mucosal Pathobiology. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018 Feb 15;6:157-175.
- Milner PI, Bardell D. Can Arterial Blood Gas, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Analysis at Admission be Used to Predict Survival to Hospital Discharge for Different Causes of Colic?. Vet Med Sci 2025 Mar;11(2):e70210.
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