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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccine / Comparison of Montanide adjuvants, IMS 3012 (Nanoparticle), ...
Vaccine2008; 27(7); 1067-1072; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.103

Comparison of Montanide adjuvants, IMS 3012 (Nanoparticle), ISA 206 and ISA 35 (Emulsion based) along with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant for hyperimmunization of equines used for production of polyvalent snake antivenom.

Abstract: The use of adjuvant is of fundamental importance in vaccines formulations and antisera production. Currently selection and use of adjuvant systems in snake antivenom preparation has become a major issue in terms of animal welfare as well as economics. In order to minimize disadvantages associated with traditionally used Freund's adjuvant (FA) in equines and to produce potent polyvalent antivenom against four Indian snake venoms in minimum possible period, a comparison was made between various commercially available non-emulsion/emulsion based adjuvants like IMS 3012, ISA 206 and ISA 35 with Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) for their immunopotentiation capacity and safety in donor animals. The present study was conducted in 33 new horses, randomly divided into four groups and hyperimmunized using crude mixture of snake venoms, viz.; Cobra venom (CV), Russell's viper venom (RV), Krait venom (KV) and Saw-scaled viper (EV) along with four above mentioned adjuvants through subcutaneous (s.c.) route at intervals of two weeks. Periodic standard safety assessments were done. Immunopotentiation ability of each adjuvant group in terms of percent responders were estimated at 14th, 21st, 30th and 43rd week. The neutralization activity (ED(50)) of pooled sera samples by 43(rd) week, obtained with IMS 3012 group for CV, RV, KV and EV venoms were 0.133, 0.143, 0.070 and 0.270 mg venom/ml of serum respectively. The antivenom potency with IMS 3012 and overall responding horses (100%) even against weak immunogen like CV was significantly higher (p<0.05) than other three adjuvants studied. The horses of IMS 3012 group showed minimum local reactions at injection site, while horses from other three groups exhibited moderate (++) reactions; 66.7% in ISA 206, 12.5% in ISA 35 and 14.3% in IFA respectively, however these were transient and reabsorbed or healed subsequently. Finally, we conclude that, nanoparticle adjuvant IMS 3012 could be a possible alternative to the emulsion adjuvants for primary phase of immunization in antivenom preparation considering its better immunopotentiation capacity and safety in donor animals.
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Publication Date: 2008-12-25 PubMed ID: 19100805DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.103Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research presents a comparison of various adjuvants used in vaccines for the immunization of horses that are used in the production of antivenom against snake bites. The comparison aimed to find an efficient and safer alternative to the traditionally used Freund’s adjuvant (FA), with nanoparticle adjuvant IMS 3012 proving to be significantly more effective.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The study set out to minimize the disadvantages of Freund’s adjuvant (FA) in equines, traditionally used in the production of polyvalent antivenom against four snake venoms.
  • 33 newbie horses were divided randomly into four groups and hyperimmunized with either IMS 3012, ISA 206, ISA 35, or Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) along with snake venoms for comparison.
  • Snake venoms used include Cobra venom (CV), Russell’s viper venom (RV), Krait venom (KV), and Saw-scaled viper venom (EV).
  • These venoms mixed with adjuvants were given to horses via a subcutaneous route bi-weekly.
  • Periodic safety assessments were conducted to monitor each adjuvant’s safety and its immunopotentiation capacity.

Findings and Conclusions

  • The study found that the neutralizing activity of pooled serum samples from horses immunized with IMS 3012 was significantly greater than those from the other groups.
  • In particular, IMS 3012 resulted in 100% response rates, even against weak immunogens like CV.
  • Moreover, the use of IMS 3012 resulted in minimal local reactions at the injection site, while the other adjuvant groups – ISA 206, 35, and IFA – showed moderate reactions.
  • These moderate reactions, while transient, reemphasize the need to find safer adjuvants for animal welfare and economic considerations.
  • The study concluded that nanoparticle adjuvant IMS 3012 could be a viable alternative to emulsion-based adjuvants due to its superior immunopotentiation capacity and safety in donor animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Waghmare A, Deopurkar RL, Salvi N, Khadilkar M, Kalolikar M, Gade SK. (2008). Comparison of Montanide adjuvants, IMS 3012 (Nanoparticle), ISA 206 and ISA 35 (Emulsion based) along with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant for hyperimmunization of equines used for production of polyvalent snake antivenom. Vaccine, 27(7), 1067-1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.103

Publication

Vaccine
ISSN: 0264-410X
NlmUniqueID: 8406899
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 7
Pages: 1067-1072

Researcher Affiliations

Waghmare, Arun
  • Antitoxins & Sera Department, Haffkine Biopharmaceutical Corporation Limited, Pune, Maharashtra, India. arunw2000@yahoo.com
Deopurkar, R L
    Salvi, Nitin
      Khadilkar, Milind
        Kalolikar, Milind
          Gade, S K

            MeSH Terms

            • Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage
            • Adjuvants, Immunologic / adverse effects
            • Adjuvants, Immunologic / pharmacology
            • Animals
            • Antivenins / blood
            • Emulsions / administration & dosage
            • Emulsions / adverse effects
            • Emulsions / pharmacology
            • Female
            • Freund's Adjuvant / administration & dosage
            • Freund's Adjuvant / adverse effects
            • Freund's Adjuvant / pharmacology
            • Horses
            • Immunization, Secondary / methods
            • Injections, Subcutaneous
            • Lipids / administration & dosage
            • Lipids / adverse effects
            • Lipids / pharmacology
            • Longitudinal Studies
            • Male
            • Nanoparticles / administration & dosage
            • Nanoparticles / adverse effects
            • Nanoparticles / chemistry
            • Neutralization Tests
            • Snake Venoms / immunology

            Citations

            This article has been cited 12 times.
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