Comparison of noninvasive cardiac output measured by use of partial carbon dioxide rebreathing or the lithium dilution method in anesthetized foals.
Abstract: To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of the partial carbon dioxide rebreathing method (NICO) or lithium dilution method (LiDCO) in anesthetized foals. Methods: Data reported in 2 other studies for 18 neonatal foals that weighed 32 to 61 kg. Methods: Foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, end-tidal isoflurane and carbon dioxide concentrations, and CO. Various COs were achieved by administration of dobutamine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, phenylephrine, and isoflurane to allow comparisons between LiDCO and NICO methods. Measurements were obtained in duplicate or triplicate. We allowed 2 minutes between measurements for LiDCO and 3 minutes for NICO after achieving a stable hemodynamic plane for at least 10 to 15 minutes at each CO. Results: 217 comparisons were made. Correlation (r = 0.77) was good between the 2 methods for all determinations. Mean +/- SD measurements of cardiac index for all comparisons with the LiDCO and NICO methods were 138 +/- 62 mL/kg/min (range, 40 to 381 mL/kg/min) and 154 +/- 55 mL/kg/min (range, 54 to 358 mL/kg/min), respectively. Mean difference (bias) between LiDCO and NICO measurements was -17.3 mL/kg/min with a precision (1.96 x SD) of 114 mL/kg/min (range, -131.3 to 96.7). Mean of the differences of LiDCO and NICO measurements was 4.37 + (0.87 x NICO value). Conclusions: The NICO method is a viable, noninvasive method for determination of CO in neonatal foals with normal respiratory function. It compares well with the more invasive LiDCO method.
Publication Date: 2007-02-03 PubMed ID: 17269878DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.2.141Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research compares two methods of measuring cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute) in anesthetized foals: the partial CO2 rebreathing method (NICO) and the lithium dilution method (LiDCO). NICO is highlighted as a practical, noninvasive option for assessing cardiac output in neonatal foals with typical respiratory function.
Methodology
- The data used in this research was gathered from two other studies. These studies collectively assessed 18 newborn foals who weighed between 32 and 61 kg.
- The foals were anesthetized and instrumented to monitor direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, end-tidal levels of isoflurane and carbon dioxide, as well as cardiac output.
- Varying cardiac outputs were achieved by administering different medications (dobutamine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, phenylephrine, and isoflurane). This allowed for direct comparison between the LiDCO and NICO measurement methods.
- Measurements were taken two or three times, with a recovery period of 2 minutes between LiDCO measurements and 3 minutes between NICO measurements. A stable hemodynamic state had to be maintained for at least 10-15 minutes at each cardiac output level before measurements were taken.
Results
- In total, 217 comparisons were made between the two methods. The correlation was found to be quite good, at 0.77.
- On average, the LiDCO method gave measurements of 138 +/- 62 mL/kg/min while the NICO method gave measurements of 154 +/- 55 mL/kg/min.
- The mean difference (bias) between these two methods was -17.3 mL/kg/min with a precision (1.96 x SD) of 114 mL/kg/min. This shows that the NICO method generally gave slightly higher values.
- The mean of the differences of the two methods was 4.37 + (0.87 x NICO value).
Conclusion
- From the results obtained, it was concluded that the NICO method of measuring cardiac output is a viable, noninvasive technique to use with neonate foals that have normal respiratory function.
- This NICO method stood up well when compared to the more invasive LiDCO method.
Cite This Article
APA
Valverde A, Giguère S, Morey TE, Sanchez LC, Shih A.
(2007).
Comparison of noninvasive cardiac output measured by use of partial carbon dioxide rebreathing or the lithium dilution method in anesthetized foals.
Am J Vet Res, 68(2), 141-147.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.2.141 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia / veterinary
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Carbon Dioxide / metabolism
- Cardiac Output / physiology
- Female
- Heart Function Tests / methods
- Heart Function Tests / veterinary
- Horses / physiology
- Indicator Dilution Techniques / veterinary
- Lithium / blood
- Male
- Reproducibility of Results
- Respiration
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Paranjape VV, Garcia-Pereira FL, Menciotti G, Saksena S, Henao-Guerrero N, Ricco-Pereira CH. Evaluation of Electrical Cardiometry for Measuring Cardiac Output and Derived Hemodynamic Variables in Comparison with Lithium Dilution in Anesthetized Dogs.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 20;13(14).
- Raidal SL, Catanchin M, Sacks M, Carstens A, Quinn C, Mosing M. Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals.. J Vet Intern Med 2023 May-Jun;37(3):1233-1242.
- Diaz-Falcon N, Clark-Price S, Holland M, Johnson J, Lascola K. Ultrasound dilution cardiac output and echocardiography findings in anesthetized mature alpacas (Vicugna pacos) during normotension, hypotension and hypertension.. PLoS One 2023;18(4):e0284299.
- Valverde A, Gianotti G, Rioja-Garcia E, Hathway A. Effects of high-volume, rapid-fluid therapy on cardiovascular function and hematological values during isoflurane-induced hypotension in healthy dogs.. Can J Vet Res 2012 Apr;76(2):99-108.
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