Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies Part II: breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure.
Abstract: To compare breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure during total intravenous (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies. Methods: Experimental, cross-over study. Methods: Six healthy ponies weighing 286 (233-388) ± 61 kg, age 13 (9-16) ± 3 years. Methods: Following premedication with romifidine [80 μg kg(-1) intravenously (IV)], general anaesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.06 mg kg(-1) IV) and ketamine (2.5 mg kg(-1) IV) and maintained with either isoflurane (Fe'Iso = 1.1%) (T-ISO) or an IV combination of romifidine (120 μg kg(-1) per hour), midazolam (0.09 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) and ketamine (3.3 mg kg(-1) hour(-1)) (T-TIVA), while breathing 60% oxygen (FIO(2)). The circumference changes of the rib cage (RC) and abdominal compartment (ABD) were recorded using respiratory ultrasonic plethysmography (RUP). Balloon tipped catheters were placed in the distal oesophagus and the stomach and maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi max) was calculated during Mueller's manoeuvre. Results: The breathing pattern T-ISO was more regular and respiratory rate significantly lower compared with T-TIVA. Ponies in T-TIVA showed regularly appearing sighs, which were never observed in T-ISO. Different contribution of the RC and ABD compartments to the breathing pattern was observed with a smaller participation of the RC to the total volume change during T-ISO. Transdiaphragmatic pressures (mean 13.7 ± SD 8.61 versus 23.4 ± 7.27 cmH(2) O, p < 0.0001) were lower in T-TIVA compared to T-ISO [corrected]. The sum of the RC and ABD circumferential changes was lower during T-TIVA compared to T-ISO (6.32 ± 4.42 versus 11.72 ± 4.38 units, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Marked differences in breathing pattern and transdiaphragmatic pressure exist during inhalation- and TIVA and these should be taken into account for clinical estimation of anaesthetic depth.
© 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.
Publication Date: 2014-07-02 PubMed ID: 24986481DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12151Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research investigates the effects of different anaesthesia methods, specifically total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia, on the breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure of ponies. The study points out notable variances in these parameters under these two anaesthesia methods that could provide valuable insights for determining anaesthetic depth.
Methods
- The experimental study was conducted on six healthy ponies with varying weights and ages.
- Following initial premedication with romifidine, general anaesthesia was induced with midazolam and Ketamine.
- The anaesthesia was subsequently maintained with either isoflurane or an intravenous combination of romifidine, midazolam, and ketamine while the ponies breathed 60% oxygen.
- Respiratory ultrasonic plethysmography (RUP) was used to record changes in the circumference of the rib cage and the abdominal compartment.
- Maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure was calculated during Mueller’s manoeuvre using balloon tipped catheters placed in the distal oesophagus and the stomach.
Results
- Findings revealed that the T-ISO, isoflurane anaesthesia, promoted a more regular breathing pattern and a significantly lower respiratory rate compared to the TIVA method.
- Sighs were regularly observed in ponies under TIVA, but none were noted in those under isoflurane.
- There were differences observed in the involvement of the rib cage and the abdominal compartment in the breathing pattern under the two methods. The contribution of the rib cage was less during isoflurane anaesthesia.
- Transdiaphragmatic pressures were notably lower in TIVA compared to isoflurane anaesthesia.
- The combined changes in the circumference of the rib cage and abdominal compartment were also lower under TIVA compared to isoflurane.
Conclusions
- Substantial differences in breathing pattern and transdiaphragmatic pressure were found between isoflurane and TIVA which provide critical implications for evaluating anaesthetic depth in clinical practice.
Cite This Article
APA
Kowalczyk L, Steblaj B, Schauvliege S, Schramel JP, Pavlidou K, Savvas I, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F, Moens Y.
(2014).
Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA and isoflurane anaesthesia in ponies Part II: breathing patterns and transdiaphragmatic pressure.
Vet Anaesth Analg, 41(6), 592-601.
https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12151 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive-Care, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, Inhalation / methods
- Anesthesia, Inhalation / veterinary
- Anesthesia, Intravenous / methods
- Anesthesia, Intravenous / veterinary
- Anesthetics, Combined / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Combined / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Intravenous / pharmacology
- Animals
- Cross-Over Studies
- Diaphragm / drug effects
- Diaphragm / physiology
- Female
- Horses
- Imidazoles / administration & dosage
- Imidazoles / pharmacology
- Isoflurane / pharmacology
- Ketamine / administration & dosage
- Ketamine / pharmacology
- Male
- Midazolam / administration & dosage
- Midazolam / pharmacology
- Respiratory Physiological Phenomena / drug effects
- Respiratory Rate / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Moreno-Martinez F, Byrne D, Raisis A, Waldmann AD, Hosgood G, Mosing M. Comparison of Effects of an Endotracheal Tube or Facemask on Breathing Pattern and Distribution of Ventilation in Anesthetized Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:895268.
- Youngblood CD, Hodgson DS, Beard WL, Song Y, Prakash P, Heflin LV. Effect of position on transdiaphragmatic pressure and hemodynamic variables in anesthetized horses.. Can J Vet Res 2020 Jul;84(3):205-211.
- Mosing M, Waldmann AD, MacFarlane P, Iff S, Auer U, Bohm SH, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Bardell D. Horses Auto-Recruit Their Lungs by Inspiratory Breath Holding Following Recovery from General Anaesthesia.. PLoS One 2016;11(6):e0158080.
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