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Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of equipotent anesthetic doses of sevoflurane alone and sevoflurane plus an intravenous infusion of lidocaine in horses.
Abstract: To compare cardiovascular effects of sevoflurane alone and sevoflurane plus an IV infusion of lidocaine in horses. Animals-8 adult horses. Methods: Each horse was anesthetized twice via IV administration of xylazine, diazepam, and ketamine. During 1 anesthetic episode, anesthesia was maintained by administration of sevoflurane in oxygen at 1.0 and 1.5 times the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). During the other episode, anesthesia was maintained at the same MAC multiples via a reduced concentration of sevoflurane plus an IV infusion of lidocaine. Heart rate, arterial blood pressures, blood gas analyses, and cardiac output were measured during mechanical (controlled) ventilation at both 1.0 and 1.5 MAC for each anesthetic protocol and during spontaneous ventilation at 1 of the 2 MAC multiples. Results: Cardiorespiratory variables did not differ significantly between anesthetic protocols. Blood pressures were highest at 1.0 MAC during spontaneous ventilation and lowest at 1.5 MAC during controlled ventilation for either anesthetic protocol. Cardiac output was significantly higher during 1.0 MAC than during 1.5 MAC for sevoflurane plus lidocaine but was not affected by anesthetic protocol or mode of ventilation. Clinically important hypotension was detected at 1.5 MAC for both anesthetic protocols. Conclusions: Lidocaine infusion did not alter cardiorespiratory variables during anesthesia in horses, provided anesthetic depth was maintained constant. The IV administration of lidocaine to anesthetized nonstimulated horses should be used for reasons other than to improve cardiovascular performance. Severe hypotension can be expected in nonstimulated horses at 1.5 MAC sevoflurane, regardless of whether lidocaine is administered.
Publication Date: 2011-04-02 PubMed ID: 21453145DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.4.452Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research comparatively investigates the cardiovascular effects of anesthesia maintained solely by sevoflurane and by a combination of sevoflurane and lidocaine infusion in horses, concluding that lidocaine doesn’t affect cardiovascular variables when anesthesia depth is consistent.
Methodology
- Eight adult horses were anesthetized twice using intravenous administration of xylazine, diazepam, and ketamine.
- In one anesthesia event, anesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane in oxygen at 1.0 and 1.5 times the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC).
- In the other event, the same multiples of MAC were maintained using a lesser concentration of sevoflurane supplemented with lidocaine infusion.
- Variables such as heart rate, arterial blood pressures, blood gas analyses, and cardiac output were measured during mechanical and spontaneous ventilation at either 1.0 or 1.5 MAC for each anesthesia strategy.
Findings
- No significant difference was observed in cardiorespiratory variables between the two anesthesia strategies.
- The highest blood pressures were recorded at 1.0 MAC during spontaneous ventilation, and the lowest at 1.5 MAC during controlled ventilation irrespective of the anesthetic protocol.
- Cardiac output was significantly higher at 1.0 MAC compared to 1.5 MAC when using sevoflurane and lidocaine, but it was independent of the anesthetic tactic or mode of ventilation.
- Noteworthy hypotension was detected at 1.5 MAC for both anesthesia protocols.
Conclusions
- Lidocaine infusion did not alter cardiorespiratory variables as long as anesthetic depth remained constant.
- The study suggests that the intravenous use of lidocaine in horses under anesthesia, particularly nonstimulated horses, should apply for reasons other than enhancing cardiovascular performance.
- The research predicts severe hypotension in nonstimulated horses at 1.5 MAC sevoflurane, regardless of whether lidocaine is administered.
Cite This Article
APA
Wagner AE, Mama KR, Steffey EP, Ferreira TH, Rezende ML.
(2011).
Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of equipotent anesthetic doses of sevoflurane alone and sevoflurane plus an intravenous infusion of lidocaine in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 72(4), 452-460.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.4.452 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. aewagner@colostate.edu
MeSH Terms
- Anesthesia, General / veterinary
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / blood
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis
- Blood Pressure
- Cardiac Output
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Heart Rate
- Horses / physiology
- Infusions, Intravenous / veterinary
- Lidocaine / administration & dosage
- Lidocaine / blood
- Male
- Methyl Ethers / administration & dosage
- Methyl Ethers / pharmacology
- Sevoflurane
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
- Khezri MB, Rajabi M, Yaghoobi S, Barikani A. Effect of intravenous lignocaine infusion on bispectral index during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: A prospective randomised double-blind study. Indian J Anaesth 2020 May;64(5):369-374.
- Wang Y, Ou-Yang QG, Huang WL, Huang HL, Zhuang XL, Lin QM, Zeng DL. Investigation of the Inhibitory Effect of Simvastatin on the Metabolism of Lidocaine Both in vitro and in vivo. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020;14:1739-1747.
- Ishizuka T, Tamura J, Nagaro T, Sudo K, Itami T, Umar MA, Miyoshi K, Sano T, Yamashita K. Effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation on cardiopulmonary function in horses anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia using combination of medetomidine, lidocaine, butorphanol and propofol (MLBP-TIVA). J Vet Med Sci 2014 Dec;76(12):1577-82.
- Nóbrega Neto PI, Luna SP, Queiroz-Williams P, Mama KR, Steffey EP, Carregaro AB. Cardiorespiratory and antinociceptive effects of two different doses of lidocaine administered to horses during a constant intravenous infusion of xylazine and ketamine. BMC Vet Res 2013 Oct 9;9:199.
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