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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasite Immunol / Comparison of the host response to larvicidal and nonlarvici...
Parasite immunology2022; 44(10); e12941; doi: 10.1111/pim.12941

Comparison of the host response to larvicidal and nonlarvicidal treatment of naturally acquired cyathostomin infections in horses.

Abstract: This study aimed to collect information on local and systemic inflammatory responses, and goblet cell-associated components, following anthelmintic treatment with moxidectin and ivermectin in horses naturally infected with cyathostomin parasites. Thirty-six horses aged 2-5 years of age were randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1 received ivermectin/praziquantel (0.2 mg/kg), Group 2 received moxidectin/praziquantel (0.4 mg/kg) and Group 3 were untreated controls. Tissue samples from the Cecum, Dorsal and Ventral Colons were used for histopathological evaluation and preserved for RNA isolation and gene expression analysis. Whole blood was collected weekly for gene expression analysis as well. The control group had significantly higher inflammation associated with higher larval scores. The treatment groups displayed no differences in larval counts and inflammatory cell populations (p > .05). Mucosal larval counts were positively correlated with goblet cell hyperplasia scores (p = .047). The moxidectin-treated group had a significantly lower expression of IFN-γ (p < .05). The data suggest that removal of cyathostomins reduced the pro-inflammatory response associated with cyathostomin infections. Pro-inflammatory reactions associated with anthelmintic treatment were minimal, but lowest for moxidectin-treated horses. Results suggested that cecum, ventral and dorsal colons responded differently to cyathostomin larvae, which may have implications in the disease process.
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-02 PubMed ID: 35842816DOI: 10.1111/pim.12941Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article presents a study that investigates the effects of different anthelmintic drugs on inflammation caused by naturally occurring cyathostomin infections in horses.

Study overview

  • This research examined the various responses in horses infected with cyathostomin parasites and how these responses differed following treatment with two types of anthelmintic drugs — moxidectin and ivermectin.
  • Thirty-six horses between 2-5 years of age were selected for this experiment. They were divided into three groups: those treated with ivermectin/praziquantel, those treated with moxidectin/praziquantel, and a control group that received no treatment.

Methodology and Results

  • Tissue samples from three areas — the cecum, dorsal, and ventral colons — of the horses were used for histopathological examination. These samples helped analyze the difference in inflammatory responses between treatment and non-treatment scenarios, and between the two drugs in treatment scenarios.
  • Another significant part of this research was the collection of whole blood from the horses for gene expression analysis carried out weekly.
  • The findings pointed out that the control group i.e., the untreated horses, displayed higher inflammation, associated with higher larval scores. However, there was no significant difference in the larval counts and inflammatory cell populations between the two treatment groups.
  • Further, the research found a positive correlation between mucosal larval counts and the hyperplasia scores of goblet cells, indicating that the presence of cyathostomin larvae may lead to goblet cell hyperplasia, a condition where cells of the intestinal lining increase.
  • The study also observed a significantly lower expression of IFN-γ, an immune response mediator, in the group of horses treated with moxidectin compared to the other groups.

Conclusion

  • The study concluded that the removal of cyathostomins via treatment seemed to procure a reduction in the pro-inflammatory response that is otherwise associated with cyathostomin infections.
  • Less inflammation was observed with anthelmintic treatments and the response was found to be minimally inflammatory. However, the moxidectin-treated group experienced the lowest inflammatory reactions amongst treatment groups.
  • The research also suggested that different parts of the colon may have distinct responses to cyathostomin larvae, which could potentially influence how cyathostomins disease develops.

Cite This Article

APA
Steuer AE, Scoggin K, Stewart JC, Barker VD, Adams AA, Loynachan AT, Nielsen MK. (2022). Comparison of the host response to larvicidal and nonlarvicidal treatment of naturally acquired cyathostomin infections in horses. Parasite Immunol, 44(10), e12941. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12941

Publication

Parasite immunology
ISSN: 1365-3024
NlmUniqueID: 7910948
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 44
Issue: 10
Pages: e12941

Researcher Affiliations

Steuer, Ashley E
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
  • Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
Scoggin, Kirsten
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Stewart, John C
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
  • Lexar Laboratories, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Barker, Virginia D
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
  • Lexar Laboratories, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Adams, Amanda A
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Loynachan, Alan T
  • University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Nielsen, Martin K
  • Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Ivermectin / pharmacology
  • Ivermectin / therapeutic use
  • Larva
  • Macrolides
  • Parasite Egg Count
  • Praziquantel / therapeutic use

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