Complications associated with cannula insertion techniques used for laparoscopy in standing horses.

This study evaluates the complications that arise from different techniques used for the insertion of a cannula during laparoscopy procedures in standing horses. The research found that using an optical cannula can significantly minimize these complications.

Methodology of the Study

Different cannula insertion techniques for laparoscopy were applied on forty sedated horses. A physical examination inclusive of rectal palpation was performed on these horses, and local anesthetic was injected at each cannula insertion site in the left flank. The horses were divided into five groups based on the cannula insertion techniques:

• Group 1: Cannula insertion after pneumoperitoneum induction with a Verres needle.
• Group 2: Cannula insertion after pneumoperitoneum induction with a 12-g catheter.
• Group 3: Cannula insertion before pneumoperitoneum induction.
• Group 4: Cannula insertion under visual control with an operating laparoscope.
• Group 5: Cannula insertion under visual control with a Visiport Optical Trocar.

The horses were then observed for a duration of seven days.

Study Findings

The study revealed complications involving insufflation or cannula insertion in twelve horses. Of these complications:

• Six were identified as peritoneal detachments.
• Four involved a splenic puncture.
• Two cases involved puncture of the descending colon.

Most complications were found to occur in groups that used traditional or “blind” insertion techniques (Groups 1 to 3), while only one occurred in the groups that used visual control for cannula insertion (Groups 4 and 5).

Conclusions from the Study

The Visiport optical device showed an effective reduction of complications. This device offers controlled insertion of the initial trocar, which helps to prevent potential issues relating to “blind” cannula insertion techniques. The technique was successfully adapted in horses that were withheld feed for 12 hours and allows the direct insertion of a cannula into the right flank. In conclusion, complications associated with the initial stage of cannula insertion in the paralumbar fossa for laparoscopy in standing horses can be significantly reduced with the use of an optical cannula.