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PloS one2015; 10(9); e0138370; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138370

Comprehensive Serology Based on a Peptide ELISA to Assess the Prevalence of Closely Related Equine Herpesviruses in Zoo and Wild Animals.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory disorders and abortion in equids while EHV-1 regularly causes equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM), a stroke-like syndrome following endothelial cell infection in horses. Both EHV-1 and EHV-9 infections of non-definitive hosts often result in neuronal infection and high case fatality rates. Hence, EHV-1 and EHV-9 are somewhat unusual herpesviruses and lack strict host specificity, and the true extent of their host ranges have remained unclear. In order to determine the seroprevalence of EHV-1 and EHV-9, a sensitive and specific peptide-based ELISA was developed and applied to 428 sera from captive and wild animals representing 30 species in 12 families and five orders. Members of the Equidae, Rhinocerotidae and Bovidae were serologically positive for EHV-1 and EHV-9. The prevalence of EHV-1 in the sampled wild zebra populations was significantly higher than in zoos suggesting captivity may reduce exposure to EHV-1. Furthermore, the seroprevalence for EHV-1 was significantly higher than for EHV-9 in zebras. In contrast, EHV-9 antibody prevalence was high in captive and wild African rhinoceros species suggesting that they may serve as a reservoir or natural host for EHV-9. Thus, EHV-1 and EHV-9 have a broad host range favoring African herbivores and may have acquired novel natural hosts in ecosystems where wild equids are common and are in close contact with other perissodactyls.
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Publication Date: 2015-09-17 PubMed ID: 26378452PubMed Central: PMC4574707DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138370Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers developed a sensitive test to detect the presence of two types of herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9) in various wild and zoo animals. They found that these viruses are more prevalent in certain species and environments.

Research Objective

  • The aim of the research was to ascertain the prevalence of Equine herpesvirus types 1 (EHV-1) and 9 (EHV-9) in a variety of animal species. These viruses are known to cause respiratory disorders and even abortion in horses. They can also produce serious neurological effects leading to high fatality rates in non-horse host species.

Methodology

  • The research team developed a specific and sensitive test, known as a peptide-based ELISA, to detect the presence of these herpesviruses.
  • They applied this test to blood serum samples from 428 animals, representing 30 different species across 12 families and five orders. This sample included both wild and captive animals.

Key Findings

  • Members of the Equidae (horse), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceros), and Bovidae (cattle) families tested positive for both herpesviruses. This suggests these viruses are not strictly specific to horses.
  • The prevalence of EHV-1 was significantly higher in the sampled wild zebra populations compared to those in zoos. This indicates that being in captivity may reduce animals’ exposure to EHV-1.
  • In contrast to this, EHV-9 was found highly prevalent in both captive and wild African rhinoceros species. This suggests that these animals may act as a natural host or reservoir for EHV-9.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that EHV-1 and EHV-9 are not strictly specific to their equine (horse) hosts. They have a broad host range and show particular prevalence in African herbivores.
  • The research also suggests these viruses may have found new natural host species in environments where wild horses are common and have close interactions with other ‘odd-toed’ hoofed mammals (perissodactyls).

Cite This Article

APA
Abdelgawad A, Hermes R, Damiani A, Lamglait B, Czirják GÁ, East M, Aschenborn O, Wenker C, Kasem S, Osterrieder N, Greenwood AD. (2015). Comprehensive Serology Based on a Peptide ELISA to Assess the Prevalence of Closely Related Equine Herpesviruses in Zoo and Wild Animals. PLoS One, 10(9), e0138370. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138370

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 9
Pages: e0138370
PII: e0138370

Researcher Affiliations

Abdelgawad, Azza
  • Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
Hermes, Robert
  • Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
Damiani, Armando
  • Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lamglait, Benjamin
  • Réserve Africaine de Sigean, 19 chemin du hameau du lac, Sigean, France.
Czirják, Gábor Á
  • Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
East, Marion
  • Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
Aschenborn, Ortwin
  • Bwabwata Ecological Institute, Susuwe, Zambezi Region, Namibia.
Wenker, Christian
  • Zoo Basel, Binningerstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland.
Kasem, Samy
  • Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
Osterrieder, Nikolaus
  • Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Greenwood, Alex D
  • Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Wild / virology
  • Animals, Zoo / virology
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
  • Equidae / immunology
  • Equidae / virology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses / virology
  • Peptides / immunology
  • Prevalence

Conflict of Interest Statement

Association with the Réserve Africaine de Sigean does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

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Citations

This article has been cited 20 times.
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