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Home / Equine Research Bank / Am J Vet Res / Concentration and molecular weight distribution of hyalurona...
American journal of veterinary research1994; 55(5); 710-715;

Concentration and molecular weight distribution of hyaluronate in synovial fluid from clinically normal horses and horses with diseased joints.

Abstract: High molecular weight (MW) hyaluronate (HA) is an integral part of synovial fluid (SF), regulating many important physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms. Many of its effects depend on, or are reflected in, the concentration and MW of HA. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess simultaneously the concentration and MW of HA in SF obtained from horses with various arthritides: acute traumatic arthritis; chronic traumatic arthritis, including degenerative joint disease (DJD); and infectious arthritis. The size-exclusion column was calibrated, using appropriate HA concentration and MW standards, before the high-performance liquid chromatographic assays of the SF samples. Calibration of the column disclosed that the maximal limit for MW estimation of HA was around 3 million. In control joints, MW of HA ranged from 2 to 3 x 10(6) (mean 2.5 x 10(6)) and did not differ significantly from MW of HA in SF from horses with acute or chronic traumatic arthritis (mean 2 x 10(6); range 1.5 to 3 x 10(6)). Interestingly, a small amount of HA of moderately high MW (approx 1 to 1.5 x 10(6)) was detected in chromatograms of SF from infected joints. This degree of polymerization of SF HA was significantly (P < 0.01) lower, compared with that for control joints. There was no difference in mean (+/- SD) concentration of HA between control joints and joints with acute or chronic traumatic arthritis (0.33 +/- 0.12 g/L vs 0.18 +/- 0.03 g/L or 0.23 +/- 0.12 g/L), indicating that SF HA concentration probably should not be used as a diagnostic marker for the condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Publication Date: 1994-05-01 PubMed ID: 8067622
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article examines the concentration and molecular weight distribution of hyaluronate (a substance integral to joint health) in synovial fluid drawn from both healthy horses and horses suffering from different types of joint disease. The results suggest that these properties of hyaluronate may not be useful markers for diagnosing joint disease in horses.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers used high-performance liquid chromatography to study the hyaluronate (HA) within synovial fluid (SF), which is a fluid found in the joints.
  • The methods involved measuring both the concentration and molecular weight of HA in SF obtained from horses suffering from various types of arthritis.
  • Prior to the analysis, the researchers calibrated the liquid chromatography circuit with appropriate HA concentration and molecular weight standards.
  • The calibration showed that the highest limit for estimating HA molecular weight was around 3 million.

Findings and Analysis

  • The researchers found that in the synovial fluid of healthy, control groups of horses, the molecular weight of HA ranged from 2 to 3 million, with an average of 2.5 million.
  • This did not differ significantly from the molecular weight of HA in the synovial fluid from horses with acute or chronic traumatic arthritis, further suggesting these measurements may not be very useful for diagnosing these conditions.
  • Interestingly, significantly lower molecular weight HA was found in the synovial fluid from horses with infectious arthritis, but this still suggests that large variations in HA molecular weight may not be typical of diseased joints.
  • Additionally, they found that the concentration of HA in the SF samples did not differ significantly between healthy and diseased joints. This indicates that HA concentration also does not seem to show correlation with joint disease. Therefore, it’s probably not useful as a diagnostic marker.

Conclusion

  • The research thus concludes that neither the HA molecular weight nor HA concentration in synovial fluid seem to present notably different values between healthy and disease joints, which suggests they may not be accurate biomarkers for diagnosing joint disease in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Tulamo RM, Heiskanen T, Salonen M. (1994). Concentration and molecular weight distribution of hyaluronate in synovial fluid from clinically normal horses and horses with diseased joints. Am J Vet Res, 55(5), 710-715.

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 5
Pages: 710-715

Researcher Affiliations

Tulamo, R M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
Heiskanen, T
    Salonen, M

      MeSH Terms

      • Acute Disease
      • Animals
      • Arthritis / metabolism
      • Arthritis / veterinary
      • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
      • Chronic Disease
      • Horse Diseases
      • Horses / metabolism
      • Hyaluronic Acid / analysis
      • Hyaluronic Acid / metabolism
      • Joint Diseases / metabolism
      • Joint Diseases / veterinary
      • Lameness, Animal / metabolism
      • Molecular Weight
      • Reference Values
      • Synovial Fluid / chemistry
      • Synovial Fluid / metabolism
      • Synovitis / metabolism
      • Synovitis / veterinary

      Citations

      This article has been cited 9 times.
      1. Fasanello DC, Su J, Deng S, Yin R, Colville MJ, Berenson JM, Kelly CM, Freer H, Rollins A, Wagner B, Rivas F, Hall AR, Rahbar E, DeAngelis PL, Paszek MJ, Reesink HL. Hyaluronic acid synthesis, degradation, and crosslinking in equine osteoarthritis: TNF-α-TSG-6-mediated HC-HA formation. Arthritis Res Ther 2021 Aug 20;23(1):218.
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      2. Peal BT, Gagliardi R, Su J, Fortier LA, Delco ML, Nixon AJ, Reesink HL. Synovial fluid lubricin and hyaluronan are altered in equine osteochondral fragmentation, cartilage impact injury, and full-thickness cartilage defect models. J Orthop Res 2020 Aug;38(8):1826-1835.
        doi: 10.1002/jor.24597pubmed: 31965593google scholar: lookup
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        doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192pubmed: 31294035google scholar: lookup
      4. Feeney E, Peal BT, Inglis JE, Su J, Nixon AJ, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL. Temporal changes in synovial fluid composition and elastoviscous lubrication in the equine carpal fracture model. J Orthop Res 2019 May;37(5):1071-1079.
        doi: 10.1002/jor.24281pubmed: 30859611google scholar: lookup
      5. Vendruscolo CDP, Moreira JJ, Seidel SRT, Fülber J, Neuenschwander HM, Bonagura G, Agreste FR, Baccarin RYA. Effects of medical ozone upon healthy equine joints: Clinical and laboratorial aspects. PLoS One 2018;13(5):e0197736.
        doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197736pubmed: 29813093google scholar: lookup
      6. Monslow J, Govindaraju P, Puré E. Hyaluronan - a functional and structural sweet spot in the tissue microenvironment. Front Immunol 2015;6:231.
        doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00231pubmed: 26029216google scholar: lookup
      7. Grissom MJ, Temple-Wong MM, Adams MS, Tom M, Schumacher BL, McIlwraith CW, Goodrich LR, Chu CR, Sah RL. Synovial Fluid Lubricant Properties are Transiently Deficient after Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Defect Repair with Platelet-Enriched Fibrin Alone and with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Orthop J Sports Med 2014 Jul;2(7).
        doi: 10.1177/2325967114542580pubmed: 25530978google scholar: lookup
      8. Moreira JJ, Moraes AP, Brossi PM, Machado TS, Michelacci YM, Massoco CO, Baccarin RY. Autologous processed plasma: cytokine profile and effects upon injection into healthy equine joints. J Vet Sci 2015;16(1):47-55.
        doi: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.47pubmed: 25269714google scholar: lookup
      9. Antonacci JM, Schmidt TA, Serventi LA, Cai MZ, Shu YL, Schumacher BL, McIlwraith CW, Sah RL. Effects of equine joint injury on boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by synovial fluid: role of hyaluronan. Arthritis Rheum 2012 Sep;64(9):2917-26.
        doi: 10.1002/art.34520pubmed: 22605527google scholar: lookup
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