Concentrations of ionized and total magnesium and calcium in healthy horses: effects of age, pregnancy, lactation, pH and sample type.

This research focused on analyzing the levels of ionized and total magnesium and calcium in healthy horses, with a specific focus on the impact of factors such as age, pregnancy, lactation, pH, and the type of sample used. The study found that these factors significantly influenced magnesium and calcium levels in horse groups, emphasizing the need for unique reference intervals for horses under different physiological conditions.

Research Context and Methodology

• Magnesium and calcium, key divalent cations in the body, mainly exist in their free ionized form. These ions play a crucial role in various physiological processes.
• With the widespread use of Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) analyzers in veterinary practices, the study aimed to devise reference intervals for horses concerning ionized and total magnesium and calcium levels.
• The research involved four different horse groups: adult horses, neonates (newborn foals), pregnant mares, and lactating mares. Three different types of samples (whole blood, plasma, and serum) were used for testing.

Results and Findings

• The research found notable differences in both the total and ionized cation concentrations across the varied groups and sample types.
• The most significant variations were observed between neonatal foals and the other groups, reflecting that unique physiological stages can significantly influence these cation levels.
• Notably, the study also considered the effect of sample pH. Changing the pH of a sample can modify the proportion of ionized to total magnesium and calcium, thus impacting the accuracy of measurements.

Implications of the Study

• The findings underscore the importance of using group-specific reference intervals when assessing ionized and total magnesium and calcium levels in horses.
• Veterinary practices can benefit from this research, as it would inform decisions regarding treatment strategies, particularly when dealing with neonate horses, pregnant mares, and lactating horses.
• The study advances knowledge in equine health, contributing to more precise and tailored veterinary interventions for horses under different physiological conditions.