[Contagious equine metritis in The Netherlands].
Abstract: Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM) was detected in the Netherlands for the first time in 1987. A total number of five mares (Dutch saddle-horse) were infected in three separate outbreaks. The origin of the infection could not be determined in any of the cases. As the isolates of the causal organism, Taylorella equigenitalis, showed auto-agglutination, diagnosis was difficult. Therefore, an indirect immune fluorescence test as used to diagnose the second isolate. Five strains were isolated, which all were resistant to streptomycin. The prevalence of CEM since 1981 is summarised. The importance of CEM in horse-breeding is discussed.
Publication Date: 1989-02-15 PubMed ID: 2646758
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Summary
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The study reports on the first detection of Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM), a sexually transmitted disease in horses, in the Netherlands in 1987. It discusses the instances of the disease, its diagnosis, and effects on horse breeding.
Incidence of CEM
- The research chronicles the first time Contagious Equine Metritis, a sexually transmitted disease in horses, was detected in the Netherlands in the year 1987. This disease was identified in five Dutch saddle-horse mares spread across three different outbreaks. However, the researchers were unable to trace the origins of these infections in all the reported cases.
Diagnosis and Disease Agent
- The disease manifests because of an organism called Taylorella equigenitalis. Isolates of this organism were responsible for these outbreaks. However, the diagnosis was complicated due to the auto-agglutination demonstrated by the isolates. Auto-agglutination is the clumping together of cells in the absence of an antibody, which could obscure the pathogen’s detection.
- To solve the issue, the researchers utilized an indirect immune fluorescence test to diagnose one of the isolates. It is a method that uses the reflection of light from antibodies to identify and confirm the presence of antigens or pathogens.
Characteristics of the Strains
- The study successfully isolated five strains of Taylorella equigenitalis. All these isolates exhibited resistance to streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic, thereby indicating their improved capability to survive and cause infections in treated hosts.
CEM Prevalence and Significance
- Furthermore, the paper summarizes the prevalence of Contagious Equine Metritis since 1981, providing a longer-term insight into the disease’s progression and impact.
- Lastly, the researchers discuss the importance and implications of CEM on horse breeding. As a sexually transmitted disease, CEM can have serious consequences on horse populations, by either directly causing illness or through restrictions on movement and breeding of infected animals, having a potentially significant negative impact on the industry.
Cite This Article
APA
ter Laak EA, Fennema G, Jaartsveld FH.
(1989).
[Contagious equine metritis in The Netherlands].
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd, 114(4), 189-201.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Centraal Diergeneeskundig Instituut, Lelystad.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bacterial Infections / microbiology
- Bacterial Infections / veterinary
- Endometritis / epidemiology
- Endometritis / microbiology
- Endometritis / veterinary
- Europe
- Female
- Gram-Negative Bacteria / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horses
- Japan
- Netherlands
- United States
References
This article includes 68 references
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Kinoshita Y, Niwa H, Katayama Y, Hariu K. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for detecting Taylorella equigenitalis and Taylorella asinigenitalis. J Equine Sci 2015;26(1):25-9.
- Hara Y, Hayashi K, Nakajima T, Kagawa S, Tazumi A, Moore JE, Matsuda M. Molecular identification and characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) gene cluster in Taylorella equigenitalis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013 Sep;58(5):375-84.
- Tazumi A, Sekizuka T, Moore JE, Millar BC, Taneike I, Matsuda M. Molecular characterization of intervening sequences in 23S rRNA genes and 23S rRNA fragmentation in Taylorella equigenitalis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008;53(6):486-92.
- Tazumi A, Ono S, Sekizuka T, Moore JE, Millar BC, Matsuda M. Molecular characterization of the sequences of the 16S-23S rDNA internal spacer region (ISR) from isolates of Taylorella asinigenitalis. BMC Res Notes 2009 Mar 3;2:33.
- Kagawa S, Nagano Y, Tazumi A, Murayama O, Millar BC, Moore JE, Matsuda M. Nucleotide sequencing and analysis of 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA internal spacer region (ISR) of Taylorella equigenitalis, as an important pathogen for contagious equine metritis (CEM). Vet Res Commun 2006 May;30(4):343-55.
- Matsuda M, Tazumi A, Kagawa S, Sekizuka T, Murayama O, Moore JE, Millar BC. Homogeneity of the 16S rDNA sequence among geographically disparate isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis. BMC Vet Res 2006 Jan 6;2:1.
- Kagawa S, Klein F, Corboz L, Moore JE, Murayama O, Matsuda M. Demonstration of heterogeneous genotypes of Taylorella equigenitalis isolated from horses in six European countries by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Vet Res Commun 2001 Oct;25(7):565-75.
- Kagawa S, Moore JE, Murayama O, Matsuda M. Comparison of the value of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA and amplified rDNA restriction analysis for subtyping Taylorella equigenitalis. Vet Res Commun 2001 May;25(4):261-9.
- Matsuda M, Miyazawa T, Moore JE, Buckley TC, Thomas LA. Molecular genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of restricted genomic DNA of strains of Taylorella equigenitalis isolated in Ireland and in the United States. Vet Res Commun 1998 Jun;22(4):217-24.
- Bleumink-Pluym NM, ter Laak EA, Houwers DJ, van der Zeijst BA. Differences between Taylorella equigenitalis strains in their invasion of and replication in cultured cells. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1996 Jan;3(1):47-50.
- Miyazawa T, Matsuda M, Isayama Y, Samata T, Ishida Y, Ogawa S, Takei K, Honda M, Kamada M. Genotyping of isolates of Taylorella equigenitalis from thoroughbred brood mares in Japan. Vet Res Commun 1995;19(4):265-71.
- Thoresen SI, Jenkins A, Ask E. Genetic homogeneity of Taylorella equigenitalis from Norwegian trotting horses revealed by chromosomal DNA fingerprinting. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Jan;33(1):233-4.
- Bleumink-Pluym N, ter Laak EA, van der Zeijst BA. Epidemiologic study of Taylorella equigenitalis strains by field inversion gel electrophoresis of genomic restriction endonuclease fragments. J Clin Microbiol 1990 Sep;28(9):2012-6.
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