Contribution of the immune response to the pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1): Are there immune correlates that predict increased risk or protection from EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy?
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a devastating consequence of EHV-1 infection that has significant economic consequences. However, clinical EHM is relatively rare and occurs in only approximately 10% of infected horses. While there is a positive correlation between the duration and magnitude of viremia and incidence of EHM, it is likely that a combination of host and viral factors determine whether EHM occurs. The identification of these factors is of high interest for the equine community and has been the topic of much research for vaccine development and to predict which horses might be most at risk for developing EHM. The aim of this review is to highlight host immunity contributions to EHM pathogenesis at different sites of EHV-1 infection to shed light on the different aspects and interdependence of the response to EHV-1 in the time course of infection.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2022-04-08 PubMed ID: 35405348DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105827Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
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This paper unravels how the immune responses of horses contribute to the pathogenesis of the equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) and identifies any immune correlates that might predict a higher risk or provide protection from EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy (EHM), a rare but severe complication of EHV-1.
Study Objective
The main objective of this review article is to bring attention to how the horse’s immunity plays a role in EHM pathogenesis at various sites of EHV-1 infection. It aims to explore the varying features and interdependence of a horse’s immune response to EHV-1 throughout the infection.
Significance of EHV-1
- Equine herpesvirus-1 or EHV-1 is a common infection among horses causing serious health problems including respiratory disease, abortion in pregnant mares, and EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy, that affects the horse’s central nervous system.
- However, clinical EHM is comparatively rare, affecting only about 10% of horses infected with EHV-1.
- EHM is highly detrimental, thus having considerable economic implications due to loss of the horse’s productivity and high treatment costs.
Correlation of Immune System and EHM
- Although the incidence of EHM relates positively to the duration and magnitude of viremia (the presence of viruses in the blood), it is not the sole determinant of whether EHM occurs or not.
- A combination of certain factors, including host (horse) and viral factors, influence the development of EHM.
- Therefore, identifying these factors is crucial, not only for vaccine development but also for predicting which horses are at higher risk of developing EHM.
In conclusion, this review explores the complexities in the immune response to EHV-1 and its potential implications for managing the fraught consequences of this infection. The findings also suggest prospective areas of future research for vaccine development and protective measures in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Hussey GS, Giessler KS.
(2022).
Contribution of the immune response to the pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1): Are there immune correlates that predict increased risk or protection from EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy?
Vet J, 282, 105827.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105827 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: husseygi@msu.edu.
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Electronic address: giesslerkim@gmail.com.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Immunity
Citations
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