FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Clin Case Rep / Corneal cross-linking as a treatment for corneal dystrophy w...
Clinical case reports2020; 8(4); 709-715; doi: 10.1002/ccr3.2725

Corneal cross-linking as a treatment for corneal dystrophy with secondary bacterial infection in a Friesian horse.

Abstract: Corneal cross-linking should be considered as treatment option in Friesian horses with infectious keratitis and corneal dystrophy. Optical coherence tomography, giving information of corneal structure, can help for diagnosis and monitoring.
© 2020 The Authors. Clinical Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-02-26 PubMed ID: 32274042PubMed Central: PMC7141748DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2725Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Case Reports
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the use of corneal cross-linking as an effective treatment for infectious keratitis and corneal dystrophy in Friesian horses. Optical coherence tomography was used in the process for more accurate diagnosis and monitoring progress.

Objective and Focus of the Research

The overall objective of the research was to explore a new treatment method for corneal dystrophy, a disease condition in horses, through a process called corneal cross-linking. The study particularly aimed to use this treatment method in a Friesian horse suffering from corneal dystrophy and a secondary bacterial infection.

Methodology: Corneal Cross-linking and Optical Coherence Tomography

Two primary methods were employed for this study – corneal cross-linking and optical coherence tomography.

  • Corneal Cross-Linking: This is a medical procedure that aims to strengthen the cornea when it begins to weaken due to a condition like corneal dystrophy. In this study, the corneal cross-linking was used to treat the Friesian horse.
  • Optical Coherence Tomography: This diagnostic tool gives a detailed image of the cornea, providing valuable information on its structure. The researchers used this tool for diagnosis and monitoring progress over time.

Results of the Study

The application of corneal cross-linking showed a positive result as a treatment option for Friesian horses suffering from bacterial keratitis and corneal dystrophy. This was evidenced by the improvement in the horse’s condition after the procedure.

Implications and Conclusion of the Study

This research introduced a potential treatment option for corneal dystrophy and infectious keratitis in Friesian horses. The combination of corneal cross-linking and optical coherence tomography proved beneficial in both the diagnosis and the monitoring of the treated horse’s condition. Given the positive results, it is suggested that this treatment be considered as a viable option for treating similar conditions in other horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Casola C, Pot SA, Lavaud A, Voelter K. (2020). Corneal cross-linking as a treatment for corneal dystrophy with secondary bacterial infection in a Friesian horse. Clin Case Rep, 8(4), 709-715. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.2725

Publication

Clinical case reports
ISSN: 2050-0904
NlmUniqueID: 101620385
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Pages: 709-715

Researcher Affiliations

Casola, Christina
  • Ophthalmology Section Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.
Pot, Simon A
  • Ophthalmology Section Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.
Lavaud, Arnold
  • Ophthalmology Section Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.
Voelter, Katrin
  • Ophthalmology Section Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

None declared.

References

This article includes 64 references
  1. Cooley PL, Dice PF 2nd. Corneal dystrophy in the dog and cat.. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1990;20(3):681‐692.
    pubmed: 2194353
  2. Klintworth GK. Corneal dystrophies.. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2009;4:7.
    pmc: PMC2695576pubmed: 19236704
  3. Jinabhai A, Radhakrishnan H, O'Donnell C. Pellucid corneal marginal degeneration: a review.. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2011;34(2):56‐63.
    pubmed: 21185225
  4. Lim L, Lim EWL. A review of corneal collagen cross‐linking ‐ current trends in practice applications.. Open Ophthalmol J 2018;12:181‐213.
    pmc: PMC6062907pubmed: 30123383
  5. Sridhar MS, Mahesh S, Bansal AK, Nutheti R, Rao GN. Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.. Ophthalmology 2004;111(6):1102‐1107.
    pubmed: 15177959
  6. Chan E, Snibson GR, Poon A. Direct surgical repair of corneal perforation in pellucid marginal degeneration: a case series.. Cornea 2013;32(7):1058‐1062.
    pubmed: 23635856
  7. Lassaline‐Utter M, Gemensky‐Metzler AJ, Scherrer NM. Corneal dystrophy in Friesian horses may represent a variant of pellucid marginal degeneration.. Vet Ophthalmol 2014;17(Suppl 1):186‐194.
    pubmed: 24602247
  8. Alberi C, Hisey E, Lassaline M. Ruling out BGN variants as simple X‐linked causative mutations for bilateral corneal stromal loss in Friesian horses.. Anim Genet 2018;49(6):656‐657.
    pubmed: 30246344
  9. Abdala‐Figuerola A, Navas A, Ramirez‐Miranda A. Scheimpflug and optical coherence tomography analysis of posterior keratoconus.. Cornea 2016;35(10):1368‐1371.
    pubmed: 27467037
  10. Abdelazeem K, Sharaf M, Saleh MGA, Fathalla AM, Soliman W. Relevance of swept‐source anterior segment optical coherence tomography for corneal imaging in patients with flap‐related complications after LASIK.. Cornea 2019;38(1):93‐97.
    pubmed: 30272616
  11. Abbouda A, Estrada AV, Rodriguez AE, Alio JL. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography in evaluation of severe fungal keratitis infections treated by corneal crosslinking.. Eur J Ophthalmol 2014;24(3):320‐324.
    pubmed: 24474377
  12. Akca BI, Chang EW, Kling S. Observation of sound‐induced corneal vibrational modes by optical coherence tomography.. Biomed Opt Express 2015;6(9):3313‐3319.
    pmc: PMC4574659pubmed: 26417503
  13. Ahearne M, Yang Y, Then KY, Liu KK. An indentation technique to characterize the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of human and porcine corneas.. Ann Biomed Eng 2007;35(9):1608‐1616.
    pubmed: 17479366
  14. Abou Shousha M, Santos AR, Oechsler RA. A novel rat contact lens model for Fusarium keratitis.. Mol Vis 2013;19:2596‐2605.
    pmc: PMC3874048pubmed: 24379647
  15. Drexler W, Fujimoto JG. State‐of‐the‐art retinal optical coherence tomography.. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008;27(1):45‐88.
    pubmed: 18036865
  16. O'Brart DPS. Corneal collagen crosslinking for corneal ectasias: a review.. Eur J Ophthalmol 2017;27(3):253‐269.
    pubmed: 28009397
  17. Tomkins O, Garzozi HJ. Collagen cross‐linking: Strengthening the unstable cornea.. Clin Ophthalmol 2008;2(4):863‐867.
    pmc: PMC2699818pubmed: 19668440
  18. Kymionis GD, Grentzelos MA, Portaliou DM, Kankariya VP, Randleman JB. Corneal collagen cross‐linking (CXL) combined with refractive procedures for the treatment of corneal ectatic disorders: CXL plus.. J Refract Surg 2014;30(8):566‐576.
    pubmed: 25325898
  19. Raiskup F, Spoerl E. Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. I. Principles.. Ocul Surf 2013;11(2):65‐74.
    pubmed: 23583042
  20. Spoerl E, Huhle M, Seiler T. Induction of cross‐links in corneal tissue.. Exp Eye Res 1998;66(1):97‐103.
    pubmed: 9533835
  21. Spoerl E, Seiler T. Techniques for stiffening the cornea.. J Refract Surg 1999;15(6):711‐713.
    pubmed: 10590015
  22. Wollensak G, Spoerl E, Seiler T. Stress‐strain measurements of human and porcine corneas after riboflavin‐ultraviolet‐A‐induced cross‐linking.. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003;29(9):1780‐1785.
    pubmed: 14522301
  23. Spoerl E, Wollensak G, Seiler T. Increased resistance of crosslinked cornea against enzymatic digestion.. Curr Eye Res 2004;29(1):35‐40.
    pubmed: 15370365
  24. Wollensak G. Fundamental principals of corneal collagen cross‐linking. In: Hafezi F, Randleman J, eds. Corneal Collagen Cross‐Linking. Thorofare, NJ: Slack Inc.; 2013:13‐17.
  25. Makdoumi K, Backman A. Photodynamic UVA‐riboflavin bacterial elimination in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016;44(7):582‐586.
    pubmed: 26867998
  26. St. Denis TG, Dai T, Izikson L. All you need is light: antimicrobial photoinactivation as an evolving and emerging discovery strategy against infectious disease.. Virulence 2011;2(6):509‐520.
    pmc: PMC3260545pubmed: 21971183
  27. Tavares A, Carvalho CMB, Faustino MA. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: study of bacterial recovery viability and potential development of resistance after treatment.. Mar Drugs 2010;8(1):91‐105.
    pmc: PMC2817925pubmed: 20161973
  28. Kashef N, Hamblin MR. Can microbial cells develop resistance to oxidative stress in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation?. Drug Resist Updat 2017;31:31‐42.
    pmc: PMC5673603pubmed: 28867242
  29. Papaioannou L, Miligkos M, Papathanassiou M. Corneal collagen cross‐linking for infectious keratitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis.. Cornea 2016;35(1):62‐71.
    pubmed: 26509768
  30. Schrier A, Greebel G, Attia H, Trokel S, Smith EF. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of riboflavin and ultraviolet light on Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .. J Refract Surg 2009;25(9):S799‐802.
    pubmed: 19772254
  31. Tabibian D, Mazzotta C, Hafezi F. PACK‐CXL: corneal cross‐linking in infectious keratitis.. Eye Vis (Lond) 2016;3:11.
    pmc: PMC4836155pubmed: 27096139
  32. Pot SA, Gallhofer NS, Matheis FL, Voelter‐Ratson K, Hafezi F, Spiess BM. Corneal collagen cross‐linking as treatment for infectious and noninfectious corneal melting in cats and dogs: results of a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial.. Vet Ophthalmol 2014;17(4):250‐260.
    pubmed: 23941330
  33. Tal K, Gal‐Or O, Pillar S, Zahavi A, Rock O, Bahar I. Efficacy of primary collagen cross‐linking with photoactivated chromophore (PACK‐CXL) for the treatment of staphylococcus aureus‐induced corneal ulcers.. Cornea 2015;34(10):1281‐1286.
    pubmed: 26252742
  34. Kumar V, Lockerbie O, Keil SD. Riboflavin and UV‐light based pathogen reduction: extent and consequence of DNA damage at the molecular level.. Photochem Photobiol 2004;80:15‐21.
    pubmed: 15339215
  35. Hafezi F, Randleman JB. PACK‐CXL: defining CXL for infectious keratitis.. J Refract Surg 2014;30(7):438‐439.
    pubmed: 24983827
  36. Said DG, Elalfy MS, Gatzioufas Z. Collagen cross‐linking with photoactivated riboflavin (PACK‐CXL) for the treatment of advanced infectious keratitis with corneal melting.. Ophthalmology 2014;121(7):1377‐1382.
    pubmed: 24576886
  37. Mas Tur V, MacGregor C, Jayaswal R, O'Brart D, Maycock N. A review of keratoconus: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and genetics.. Surv Ophthalmol 2017;62(6):770‐783.
    pubmed: 28688894
  38. Krachmer JH, Feder RS, Belin MW. Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders.. Surv Ophthalmol 1984;28(4):293‐322.
    pubmed: 6230745
  39. Bourges JL, Robert AM, Robert L. A genetic anomaly of oriented collagen biosynthesis and cross‐linking: Keratoconus.. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2015;63(1):24‐31.
    pubmed: 25468492
  40. Sawaguchi S, Yue BY, Chang I, Sugar J, Robin J. Proteoglycan molecules in keratoconus corneas.. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991;32(6):1846‐1853.
    pubmed: 2032806
  41. Akhtar S, Kirat O, Alkatan H, Shu X, Almubrad T. Ultrastructural features of corneas with pellucid marginal degeneration.. Microsc Res Tech 2013;76(4):404‐411.
    pubmed: 23418051
  42. Ploeg M, Gröne A, Lest CHA. Differences in extracellular matrix proteins between Friesian horses with aortic rupture, unaffected Friesians and Warmblood horses.. Equine Vet J 2017;49(5):609‐613.
    pubmed: 27859600
  43. Ploeg M, Saey V, Delesalle C. Thoracic aortic rupture and aortopulmonary fistulation in the Friesian horse: histomorphologic characterization.. Vet Pathol 2015;52(1):152‐159.
    pubmed: 24741028
  44. Ploeg M, Gröne A, Saey V. Esophageal dysfunction in friesian horses: morphological features.. Vet Pathol 2015;52(6):1142‐1147.
    pubmed: 25367366
  45. Saey V, Tang J, Ducatelle R. Elevated urinary excretion of free pyridinoline in Friesian horses suggests a breed‐specific increase in collagen degradation.. BMC Vet Res 2018;14(1):139.
    pmc: PMC5921786pubmed: 29699546
  46. Gaynes BI, Fiscella R. Topical nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for ophthalmic use: a safety review.. Drug Saf 2002;25(4):233‐250.
    pubmed: 11994027
  47. Maggs DJ. Cornea and sclera. In: Maggs DJ, Miller PE, Ofri R, Slatter DH, eds. Slatter's Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology, 5th edn St. Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2013:184‐219.
  48. Gilger BC. Equine Ophthalmology. In: Gelatt KN, Gilger BC, Kern TJ, eds. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 5th edn Ames, IA: Wiley‐Blackwell; 2013:1560‐1609.
  49. Brooks DE, Mattews A, Clode A. Diseases of the cornea. In: Gilger BC, ed. Equine Ophthalmology, 3rd edn Ames, IA: Wiley Blackwell; 2017:252‐368.
  50. Ollivier FJ. Bacterial corneal diseases in dogs and cats.. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2003;18(3):193‐198.
    pubmed: 14604094
  51. Senior JM. Morbidity, mortality, and risk of general anesthesia in horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013;29(1):1‐18.
    pubmed: 23498043
  52. Hassan Z, Nemeth G, Modis L, Szalai E, Berta A. Collagen cross‐linking in the treatment of pellucid marginal degeneration.. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014;62(3):367‐370.
    pmc: PMC4061688pubmed: 23571261
  53. Spadea L. Corneal collagen cross‐linking with riboflavin and UVA irradiation in pellucid marginal degeneration.. J Refract Surg 2010;26(5):375‐377.
    pubmed: 20128533
  54. Bayraktar S, Cebeci Z, Oray M, Alparslan N. Corneal collagen cross‐linking in pellucid marginal degeneration: 2 patients, 4 eyes.. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2015;2015:840687.
    pmc: PMC4442261pubmed: 26078898
  55. Hellander‐Edman A, Makdoumi K, Mortensen J, Ekesten B. Corneal cross‐linking in 9 horses with ulcerative keratitis.. BMC Vet Res 2013;9:128.
    pmc: PMC3703264pubmed: 23803176
  56. Godefrooij DA, Mangen M‐J, Chan E. Cost‐effectiveness analysis of corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus.. Ophthalmology 2017;124(10):1485‐1495.
    pubmed: 28532974
  57. Wollensak G, Spoerl E, Seiler T. Riboflavin/ultraviolet‐a‐induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus.. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135(5):620‐627.
    pubmed: 12719068
  58. Backman A, Makdoumi K, Mortensen J, Crafoord S. The efficiency of cross‐linking methods in eradication of bacteria is influenced by the riboflavin concentration and the irradiation time of ultraviolet light.. Acta Ophthalmol 2014;92(7):656‐661.
    pubmed: 25493311
  59. Aldahlawi NH, Hayes S, O'Brart DP, Akhbanbetova A, Littlechild SL, Meek KM. Enzymatic resistance of corneas crosslinked using riboflavin in conjunction with low energy, high energy, and pulsed UVA irradiation modes.. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016;57(4):1547‐1552.
    pmc: PMC5321166pubmed: 27046119
  60. Kling S. Quantifying the antimicrobial efficacy of PACK‐CXL for different bacterial strains as a function of UV fluence and irradiated volume.. Paper presented at: International CXL Experts’ Meeting 2017; Zurich.
  61. Nordstrom M, Schiller M, Fredriksson A, Behndig A. Refractive improvements and safety with topography‐guided corneal crosslinking for keratoconus: 1‐year results.. Br J Ophthalmol 2017;101(7):920‐925.
    pubmed: 27899371
  62. Nicklin A, Mehta J, Adler D. Safety of high‐dose, transepithelial, accelerated CXL with supplemental oxygen on human and monkey eyes.. Paper presented at: International CXL Experts’ Meeting 2018; Zurich.
  63. Winegarner A, Oie Y, Nishida K. Acute hydrops with a 180‐degree massive edematous cavern demonstrated by three dimensional view of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in a patient with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration, a case report.. BMC Ophthalmol 2018;18(1):92.
    pmc: PMC5899354pubmed: 29653558
  64. Vanathi M, Behera G, Vengayil S, Panda A, Khokhar S. Intracameral SF6 injection and anterior segment OCT‐based documentation for acute hydrops management in pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2008;31(3):164‐166.
    pubmed: 18291707

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,001 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.