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The American journal of pathology1980; 101(3 Suppl); S103-S122;

Criteria for development of animal models of diseases of the respiratory system: the comparative approach in respiratory disease model development.

Abstract: Advances in the understanding of human respiratory disease can come from careful clinical studies of the diseases as they occur in man, but such studies are naturally limited in terms of experimental manipulation. In the last 2 decades, an increasingly complex plethora of experimental respiratory disease models has been developed and utilized by investigators, but relatively less attention has been paid to the naturally occurring pulmonary diseases of animals as potential models. This paper is aimed at presenting selected examples of spontaneous pulmonary disease in animals that may serve as exploitable models for human chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, interstitial lung disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hyaline membrane disease, and bronchial asthma. Chronic bronchitis in dogs is characterized by chronic cough, excessive mucus production, and chronic inflammatory changes in bronchial walls. The disease affects mainly smaller-breed dogs of middle age or older. Equine chronic bronchitis tends to be a small airway disease with marked goblet cell proliferation and excessive mucus production, which may be accompanied by alveolar emphysema. Many animals develop bronchiectasis or bronchiolitis obliterans secondary to chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia, but chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of rats may be the most useful model of bronchiectasis. Models for emphysema must include actual alveolar destruction and ideally should be accompanied by appropriate pathophysiologic decrements. Many animals occasionally develop emphysema, but the disease has not been well documented, except possibly in horses. The interstitial lung diseases of man represent a complicated and poorly understood group of entities and near-entities. The same is true for animals, although interstitial lung disease in animals is much less common than bronchopneumonia. Cattle seem prone to develop interstitial lesions. Proliferative interstitial pneumonia of cattle includes many morphologic similarities to the spectrum of human interstitial pneumonitides. Fibrosing alveolitis of cattle is a morphologic end point that may have its origins in different forms of interstitial injury. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been best detailed in cattle and in horses and is clinically, etiologically, immunologically, and morphologically similar to the disease in man. Hyaline membrane disease has been poorly documented in animals, with the possible exception of the neonatal respiratory distress syndromes of foals and piglets. Bronchial asthma is similarly not well established as a spontaneous disease in animals, although experimental models exist. Eosinophilic bronchiolitis of cattle may represent a useful asthma model but has been poorly detailed. In order to make them useful as models, more attention should be paid to detailing the clinical, morphologic, and etiologic aspects of these naturally occurring animal pulmonary diseases.
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Publication Date: 1980-12-01 PubMed ID: 7457567PubMed Central: PMC1903619
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the potential use of naturally occurring respiratory diseases in animals as models for studying similar conditions in humans. The diseases discussed include chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, interstitial lung disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hyaline membrane disease, and bronchial asthma.

Introductory Remarks

  • The paper observes that although advances in understanding human respiratory diseases have primarily come from human clinical studies, these are inherently limited in terms of possible experimental manipulation.
  • Over the last two decades, experimental models of respiratory diseases have been developed, but naturally occurring diseases in animals have been relatively overlooked as potential models.

Animal Models and their Human Equivalent Diseases

  • Chronic bronchitis in dogs, mainly affecting smaller breeds and older dogs, is used as a model for human chronic bronchitis. It shares similar symptoms like excessive mucus production, and inflammatory changes in bronchial walls.
  • Equine chronic bronchitis, a small airway disease with similar features like mucus overproduction and possible emphysema, represents another form of chronic bronchitis in humans.
  • Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in rats is used as a model for bronchiectasis, a condition developed secondary to chronic bronchopneumonia.
  • Emphysema is present in many animal species, but well-documented only in horses. Optimal models for emphysema should incorporate features of actual alveolar destruction.
  • Cattle prone to interstitial lung lesions serve as models for human interstitial lung diseases, particularly proliferative interstitial pneumonia and fibrosing alveolitis.
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with its similar clinical, etiological, immunological, and morphological characteristics to humans, has been well-documented in cattle and horses.
  • Although Hyaline membrane disease, defined by neonatal respiratory distress, has been poorly documented in animals, it is well observed in foals and piglets.
  • As bronchial asthma is not a well-documented disease in animals, experimental models have been developed to study it. Nonetheless, eosinophilic bronchiolitis in cattle may provide a new avenue for asthma modeling.

Conclusion and Future Perspective

  • The authors underline that more emphasis should be placed on detailing the clinical, morphological, and etiological aspects of these naturally occurring diseases in animals to improve their utility as disease models.
  • They note that by doing so, these animal models could provide an alternative, and potentially more manipulable, system for studying human respiratory diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Slauson DO, Hahn FF. (1980). Criteria for development of animal models of diseases of the respiratory system: the comparative approach in respiratory disease model development. Am J Pathol, 101(3 Suppl), S103-S122.

Publication

The American journal of pathology
ISSN: 0002-9440
NlmUniqueID: 0370502
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 101
Issue: 3 Suppl
Pages: S103-S122

Researcher Affiliations

Slauson, D O
    Hahn, F F

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Cattle
      • Cattle Diseases / physiopathology
      • Disease Models, Animal
      • Dog Diseases / physiopathology
      • Dogs
      • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
      • Horses
      • Lung Diseases / physiopathology
      • Rats
      • Research / standards
      • Respiratory Tract Diseases / etiology
      • Rodent Diseases / physiopathology

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 4 times.
      1. Liebler-Tenorio EM, Lambertz J, Ostermann C, Sachse K, Reinhold P. Regeneration of Pulmonary Tissue in a Calf Model of Fibrinonecrotic Bronchopneumonia Induced by Experimental Infection with Chlamydia Psittaci. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Apr 17;21(8).
        doi: 10.3390/ijms21082817pubmed: 32316620google scholar: lookup
      2. Su Z, Oto J, Wang J, Kimball WR, Chenelle CT, Kacmarek RM, King DR, Jiang Y, Duggan MJ. Validation of Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography for Measuring Tidal Volume in Swine. Comp Med 2015 Jun;65(3):225-31.
        pubmed: 26141447
      3. Chang AB, Byrnes CA, Everard ML. Diagnosing and preventing chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) and bronchiectasis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2011 Jun;12(2):97-103.
        doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2010.10.008pubmed: 21458737google scholar: lookup
      4. Singh S, Kularia S, Shukla S, Singh M, Kumar M, Sharma AK. A current review on animal models of anti-asthmatic drugs screening. Front Pharmacol 2025;16:1508460.
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