FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Immunol Immunopathol / Cytokine responses to EHV-1 infection in immune and non-immu...
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology2006; 111(1-2); 109-116; doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.013

Cytokine responses to EHV-1 infection in immune and non-immune ponies.

Abstract: Protecting equids against equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection remains an elusive goal. Repeated infection with EHV-1 leads to protective immunity against clinical respiratory disease, and a study was conducted to measure the regulatory cytokine response (IFN-gamma and IL-4) in repeatedly infected immune ponies compared to non-immune ponies. Two groups of four ponies were established. Group 1 ponies had previously been infected on two occasions, and most recently 7 months before this study. Group 2 ponies had no history no vaccination or challenge infection prior to this study. Both groups were subjected to an intranasal challenge infection with EHV-1, and blood samples were collected pre-infection, and at 7 and 21 days post-infection for preparation of PBMCs. At each time point, the in vitro responses of PBMCs to stimulation with EHV-1 were measured, including IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA production, and lymphoproliferation. Group 1 ponies showed no signs of clinical disease or viral shedding after challenge infection. Group 2 ponies experienced a biphasic pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and nasal shedding of virus after infection. Group 1 ponies had an immune response characterized both before and subsequent to challenge infection by an IFN-gamma response to EHV-1 in the absence of an IL-4 response, and demonstrated increased EHV-1-specific lymphoproliferation post-infection. Group 2 ponies had limited cytokine or lymphoproliferative responses to EHV-1 pre-challenge, and demonstrated increases in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses post-challenge, but without any lymphoproliferative response. Protective immunity to EHV-1 infection was therefore characterized by a polarized IFN-gamma dependent immunoregulatory cytokine response.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2006-02-13 PubMed ID: 16473413DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.013Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research studied pony immune response to equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), discovering that ponies previously infected developed strong immunity, and associated immune responses differed between immune and non-immune animals.

Immune vs. Non-Immune Ponies

  • The scientists divided eight ponies into two groups: Group 1 included ponies that had been infected by EHV-1 twice before, and Group 2 comprised ponies with no previous exposure to the virus.
  • The ponies were matched in these groups to contrast and measure the differences in their immune response to the virus.

Infection and Monitoring

  • Both groups were infected with EHV-1 through an intranasal procedure.
  • The researchers collected blood samples before infection and at 7 and 21 days after infection. The objective was to monitor and measure the in vitro responses of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) over time.

Findings in Pre-Infected Ponies

  • The Group 1 ponies, previously infected, did not show any symptoms of disease or viral shedding after the EHV-1 infection.
  • These ponies demonstrated an increased lymphoproliferation (increase in immune cells) after infection.
  • Their immune response to the virus was characterized by a significant IFN-gamma response but no IL-4 response. IFN-gamma is a regulatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in anti-viral defenses. IL-4 is another regulatory cytokine that leads to differentiation of B cells, and it’s typically associated with immune responses to parasites, not viruses.

Findings in Non-Immune Ponies

  • Group 2 ponies, not previously infected, had limited cytokine or lymphoproliferative responses before the challenge with EHV-1.
  • These ponies exhibited symptoms including pyrexia, nasal discharge, and viral shedding. An increase in both IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses after the infection was observed in these animals. However, no lymphoproliferative response was noted.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that ponies demonstrated different immune responses depending on their prior exposure to EHV-1.
  • Protective immunity against EHV-1, as seen in ponies from Group 1, was mainly characterized by a strong, IFN-gamma dependent immunoregulatory cytokine response.

Cite This Article

APA
Coombs DK, Patton T, Kohler AK, Soboll G, Breathnach C, Townsend HG, Lunn DP. (2006). Cytokine responses to EHV-1 infection in immune and non-immune ponies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 111(1-2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.013

Publication

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 0165-2427
NlmUniqueID: 8002006
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 111
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 109-116

Researcher Affiliations

Coombs, Dane K
  • Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Patton, T
    Kohler, Andrea K
      Soboll, G
        Breathnach, Cormac
          Townsend, Hugh G G
            Lunn, D P

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antibodies, Viral / blood
              • Cell Proliferation
              • DNA / chemistry
              • DNA / genetics
              • Herpesviridae Infections / genetics
              • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
              • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
              • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
              • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
              • Horse Diseases / genetics
              • Horse Diseases / immunology
              • Horse Diseases / virology
              • Horses
              • Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
              • Interferon-gamma / genetics
              • Interferon-gamma / immunology
              • Interleukin-4 / biosynthesis
              • Interleukin-4 / genetics
              • Interleukin-4 / immunology
              • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / cytology
              • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
              • Male
              • Nasal Mucosa / virology
              • Neutralization Tests / veterinary
              • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
              • RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
              • RNA, Messenger / genetics

              Citations

              This article has been cited 8 times.
              1. Hu L, Wang T, Ren H, Liu W, Li Y, Wang C, Li L. Characterizing the Pathogenesis and Immune Response of Equine Herpesvirus 8 Infection in Lung of Mice.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 20;12(19).
                doi: 10.3390/ani12192495pubmed: 36230234google scholar: lookup
              2. Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Interferon Gamma Inhibits Equine Herpesvirus 1 Replication in a Cell Line-Dependent Manner.. Pathogens 2021 Apr 16;10(4).
                doi: 10.3390/pathogens10040484pubmed: 33923733google scholar: lookup
              3. Abas O, Abdo W, Kasem S, Alwazzan A, Saleh AG, Saleh IG, Fukushi H, Yanai T, Haridy M. Time Course-Dependent Study on Equine Herpes Virus 9-Induced Abortion in Syrian Hamsters.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Aug 7;10(8).
                doi: 10.3390/ani10081369pubmed: 32784541google scholar: lookup
              4. Kim SK, Shakya AK, O'Callaghan DJ. Intranasal treatment with CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides protects CBA mice from lethal equine herpesvirus 1 challenge by an innate immune response.. Antiviral Res 2019 Sep;169:104546.
                doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104546pubmed: 31247247google scholar: lookup
              5. Schnabel CL, Wimer CL, Perkins G, Babasyan S, Freer H, Watts C, Rollins A, Osterrieder N, Wagner B. Deletion of the ORF2 gene of the neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 strain Ab4 reduces virulence while maintaining strong immunogenicity.. BMC Vet Res 2018 Aug 22;14(1):245.
                doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1563-4pubmed: 30134896google scholar: lookup
              6. Hue ES, Richard EA, Fortier CI, Fortier GD, Paillot R, Raue R, Pronost SL. Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment.. Vaccines (Basel) 2017 Sep 19;5(3).
                doi: 10.3390/vaccines5030028pubmed: 28925977google scholar: lookup
              7. Saleh AG, Anwar SI, Abas OM, Abd-Ellatieff HA, Nasr M, Saleh I, Fukushi H, Yanai T. Effect of a single point mutation on equine herpes virus 9 (EHV-9) neuropathogenicity after intranasal inoculation in a hamster model.. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Aug 18;79(8):1426-1436.
                doi: 10.1292/jvms.17-0076pubmed: 28717112google scholar: lookup
              8. Soboll Hussey G, Hussey SB, Wagner B, Horohov DW, Van de Walle GR, Osterrieder N, Goehring LS, Rao S, Lunn DP. Evaluation of immune responses following infection of ponies with an EHV-1 ORF1/2 deletion mutant.. Vet Res 2011 Feb 7;42(1):23.
                doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-23pubmed: 21314906google scholar: lookup
              Subscribe to our newsletter
              Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.