Decline of genetic diversity in ancient domestic stallions in Europe.
Abstract: Present-day domestic horses are immensely diverse in their maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA, yet they show very little variation on their paternally inherited Y chromosome. Although it has recently been shown that Y chromosomal diversity in domestic horses was higher at least until the Iron Age, when and why this diversity disappeared remain controversial questions. We genotyped 16 recently discovered Y chromosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 96 ancient Eurasian stallions spanning the early domestication stages (Copper and Bronze Age) to the Middle Ages. Using this Y chromosomal time series, which covers nearly the entire history of horse domestication, we reveal how Y chromosomal diversity changed over time. Our results also show that the lack of multiple stallion lineages in the extant domestic population is caused by neither a founder effect nor random demographic effects but instead is the result of artificial selection-initially during the Iron Age by nomadic people from the Eurasian steppes and later during the Roman period. Moreover, the modern domestic haplotype probably derived from another, already advantageous, haplotype, most likely after the beginning of the domestication. In line with recent findings indicating that the Przewalski and domestic horse lineages remained connected by gene flow after they diverged about 45,000 years ago, we present evidence for Y chromosomal introgression of Przewalski horses into the gene pool of European domestic horses at least until medieval times.
Publication Date: 2018-04-18 PubMed ID: 29675468PubMed Central: PMC5906072DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9691Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
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Summary
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The research sheds light on the decline of genetic diversity in ancient domestic stallions in Europe, attributing the lack of multiple lineages in the extant domestic population to artificial selection and highlighting the gene flow and Y chromosomal introgression from Przewalski horses into the gene pool of European domestic horses.
Methods and Participants
- The research team genotyped 16 recently discovered Y chromosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 96 ancient Eurasian stallions.
- The stallions spanned the early domestication stages (Copper and Bronze Age) to the Middle Ages, nearly covering the entire history of horse domestication.
Genetic Diversity Over Time
- Using the Y chromosomal time series, the researchers examined how Y chromosomal diversity changed over time.
- They found that present-day domestic horses show immense diversity in their maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA but very little variation on the paternally inherited Y chromosome.
Artificial Selection and Lineages
- The study shows that the lack of multiple stallion lineages in the present-day domestic population is not a result of a founder effect or random demographic effects.
- Instead, this absence of diversity is the result of artificial selection, starting during the Iron Age by nomadic people from the Eurasian steppes and continuing into the Roman period.
Modern Domestic Haplotype
- The modern domestic haplotype probably originated from another, already advantageous, haplotype, likely after the start of domestication.
- The research also supported recent findings that Przewalski and domestic horse lineages remained connected by gene flow after diverging about 45,000 years ago.
Y Chromosomal Introgression of Przewalski Horses
- The paper presents evidence for Y chromosomal introgression of Przewalski horses into the gene pool of European domestic horses, extending at least until medieval times.
Cite This Article
APA
Wutke S, Sandoval-Castellanos E, Benecke N, Döhle HJ, Friederich S, Gonzalez J, Hofreiter M, Lõugas L, Magnell O, Malaspinas AS, Morales-Muñiz A, Orlando L, Reissmann M, Trinks A, Ludwig A.
(2018).
Decline of genetic diversity in ancient domestic stallions in Europe.
Sci Adv, 4(4), eaap9691.
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap9691 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Kiel 24098, Germany.
- Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt-Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt-Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, Rüütli 10, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
- National Historical Museums, Contract Archaeology, 226 60 Lund, Sweden.
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Archaeozoology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Toulouse, France.
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic
- DNA, Mitochondrial
- Domestication
- Europe
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Loci
- Genetic Markers
- Genetic Variation
- Geography
- Haplotypes
- Horses / classification
- Horses / genetics
- Selection, Genetic
- Y Chromosome
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