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Home / Equine Research Bank / Acta Vet Scand / Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measur...
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica2007; 49(1); 4; doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-49-4

Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measuring matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2, other enzymes, urinary glucose and total proteins.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate urine matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and -9) activity, alkaline phosphatase/creatinine (U-AP/Cr) and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase/creatinine (U-GGT/Cr) ratios, glucose concentration, and urine protein/creatinine (U-Prot/Cr) ratio and to compare data with plasma MMP-2 and -9 activity, cystatin-C and creatinine concentrations in colic horses and healthy controls. Horses with surgical colic (n = 5) were compared to healthy stallions (n = 7) that came for castration. Blood and urine samples were collected. MMP gelatinolytic activity was measured by zymography. Results: We found out that horses with colic had significantly higher urinary MMP-9 complex and proMMP-9 activities than horses in the control group. Colic horses also had higher plasma MMP-2 activity than the control horses. Serum creatinine, although within reference range, was significantly higher in the colic horses than in the control group. There was no significant increase in urinary alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase or total proteins in the colic horses compared to the control group. A human cystatin-C test (Dako Cytomation latex immunoassay based on turbidimetry) did not cross react with equine cystatin-C. Conclusions: The results indicate that plasma MMP-2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of equine colic and urinary MMP-9 in equine kidney damage.
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Publication Date: 2007-01-23 PubMed ID: 17244354PubMed Central: PMC1784101DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-49-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research looks at key discrepancies in factors like enzyme activity and glucose concentration in the urine and blood of horses with colic as opposed to healthy ones. The study determined that these differences could have a significant role in diagnosing early signs of kidney damage in horses affected by colic.

Objectives and Methodology of the Study

  • The research focused on analyzing the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and -9), alkaline phosphatase/creatinine, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase/creatinine combinations, glucose concentration, and the urine protein/creatinine ratio.
  • These factors were also compared with plasma MMP-2 and -9 activity, cystatin-C and creatinine concentrations.
  • A group of 5 horses with surgical colic were compared to 7 healthy stallions. Blood and urine samples were collected from both groups for examination.

Research Findings

  • The research revealed that horses affected by colic had considerably higher urinary MMP-9 complex and proMMP-9 activities than the healthy horses, indicating impaired kidney function.
  • It was discovered that colic horses also had higher plasma MMP-2 activity than the control horses, suggesting inflammation or tissue damage.
  • Also, the serum creatinine level was significantly higher in colic horses than in the control group, although still within the normal range. High serum creatinine indicates a decreased kidney function.
  • However, the study found no significant increase in the concentration of urinary alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, or total proteins in the colic horses compared to the control group.
  • A human cystatin-C test did not cross-react with equine cystatin-C, thus unfit for use in horses.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The results indicate a role for plasma MMP-2 in the pathogenesis of equine colic and urinary MMP-9 in equine kidney damage.
  • These findings suggest the potential of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as biomarkers to detect early kidney damage in horses with colic, even when traditional markers such as glucose concentration in urine and protein/creatinine ratio may not show any abnormality.
  • These insights could pave the way for effective early intervention strategies to protect horses from serious kidney damage and improve health outcomes for them.

Cite This Article

APA
Arosalo BM, Raekallio M, Rajamäki M, Holopainen E, Kastevaara T, Salonen H, Sankari S. (2007). Detecting early kidney damage in horses with colic by measuring matrix metalloproteinase -9 and -2, other enzymes, urinary glucose and total proteins. Acta Vet Scand, 49(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-49-4

Publication

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
ISSN: 1751-0147
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 49
Issue: 1
Pages: 4

Researcher Affiliations

Arosalo, Bela M
  • Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland. bela.arosalo@hevossairaala.fi
Raekallio, Marja
    Rajamäki, Minna
      Holopainen, Elina
        Kastevaara, Tuulia
          Salonen, Hanna
            Sankari, Satu

              MeSH Terms

              • Alkaline Phosphatase / blood
              • Animals
              • Case-Control Studies
              • Colic / complications
              • Colic / physiopathology
              • Colic / veterinary
              • Creatinine / blood
              • Cystatin C
              • Cystatins / blood
              • Female
              • Glycosuria / veterinary
              • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
              • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
              • Horses
              • Kidney Diseases / complications
              • Kidney Diseases / diagnosis
              • Kidney Diseases / physiopathology
              • Kidney Diseases / veterinary
              • Male
              • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / blood
              • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / urine
              • Proteinuria / urine
              • Proteinuria / veterinary
              • gamma-Glutamyltransferase / blood

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