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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2005; 69(2); 106-115;

Detection and comparison of nitric oxide in clinically healthy horses and those with naturally acquired strangulating large colon volvulus.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) is present in clinically healthy horses (control) under basal conditions, and if it increases secondary to naturally acquired strangulating large colon volvulus (affected). Eleven affected horses and 10 controls were studied. Jugular venous blood, abdominal fluid, and urine were collected. The NO concentrations were standardized to the creatinine concentration in the respective samples. A biopsy specimen collected from the large colon pelvic flexure at surgery was divided into subsections for processing for inducible nitric synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT) immunohistochemical staining and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemical staining. There were no significant differences in plasma, abdominal fluid, or urine NO concentrations between affected and control horses. There was a significant decrease in submucosal arteriolar and venular endothelium, submucosal plexus, mucosal leukocyte, mucosal and musclaris vasculature, and myenteric plexus NADPH diaphorase staining in affected versus control horses. There was a significant increase in iNOS staining in mucosal leukocytes and vasculature in affected versus control horses. Other than a greater number of positively stained mucosal leukocytes in affected horses, there were no significant differences between affected and control horses for NT staining. The presence of NADPH diaphorase staining in the endothelium and submucosal neurons suggests endothelial and neuronal NOS are present under basal conditions in the large colon of horses. Increased iNOS and NT staining in mucosal leukocytes of affected horses suggests involvement of the NO pathway in large colon volvulus. The reasons for the lack of a significant difference in plasma, abdominal fluid, and urine NO concentrations between affected and control horses are unknown. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer si l’oxyde nitrique (NO) est présent chez des chevaux cliniquement sains (animaux témoins) dans des conditions normales, et s’il y a une augmentation suite à un volvulus du gros côlon avec strangulation (animaux affectés). Onze chevaux affectés et 10 chevaux témoins ont été étudiés. Du sang veineux provenant de la jugulaire, du liquide abdominal et de l’urine ont été prélevés. Les concentrations de NO ont été standardisées à la concentration de créatinine dans les échantillons respectifs. Une biopsie prélevée en chirurgie à la courbure pelvienne du gros côlon a été divisée et traitée par coloration immunohistochimique pour mettre en évidence la nitrique synthase inductible (iNOS) et la nitrotyrosine (NT) et par coloration histochimique pour la nicotinamide adénine dinucléotide phosphate (NADPH) réduite. Aucune différence significative dans les concentrations de NO du plasma, du liquide abdominal ou de l’urine n’a été notée entre les chevaux témoins et affectés. Il y avait une diminution significative de la coloration de NADPH au niveau de l’endothélium des artérioles et des veinules de la sous-muqueuse, du plexux sous-mucosal, les leucocytes de la muqueuse, de la vascularisation de la muqueuse et de la musculeuse et du plexus myentérique entre les chevaux affectés et les chevaux témoins. Une augmentation significative de la coloration de iNOS des leucocytes de la muqueuse et de la vascularisation a été notée chez les chevaux affectés par rapport aux témoins. Outre le plus grand nombre de leucocytes colorés positivement dans la muqueuse des chevaux affectés, il n’y avait aucune différence significative entre les chevaux affectés et témoins pour la coloration NT. Une coloration NADPH positive dans l’endothélium et les neurones de la sous-muqueuse suggère que du NOS endothélial et neuronal sont présents dans des conditions de base dans le gros côlon des chevaux. Une augmentation de la coloration de iNOS et de NT des leucocytes de la muqueuse des chevaux affectés est suggestive de l’implication du cycle du NO dans le volvulus du gros côlon. Les raisons pour l’absence de différence significative des concentrations de NO dans le plasma, le liquide abdominal et l’urine entre les chevaux affectés et les chevaux témoins sont inconnues. (Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier)
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Publication Date: 2005-06-24 PubMed ID: 15971674PubMed Central: PMC1142177
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the presence and changes in nitric oxide (NO) levels in healthy horses and those suffering from naturally acquired strangulating large colon volvulus, a severe digestive disorder in horses.

Objective and Methods of The Study

  • The research aimed to determine if nitric oxide (NO) is present in clinically healthy horses and if it increases in horses suffering from strangulating large colon volvulus.
  • The study involved 11 affected horses and 10 control (healthy) horses. Their jugular vein blood, abdominal fluid, and urine were collected for study.
  • The concentrations of nitric oxide in the samples were standardized to the creatinine concentration in each sample to ensure consistency and facilitate comparison.
  • Furthermore, biopsy specimens collected from the large colon pelvic flexure during surgery were divided into sections and processed for inducible nitric synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine (NT) immunohistochemical staining and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase histochemical staining.

Findings

  • The study did not find any significant differences in plasma, abdominal fluid, or urine NO concentrations between the affected and control horses. This means that the nitric oxide levels were not markedly higher in the diseased horses compared to the healthy ones.
  • However, the research noted a significant decrease in submucosal arteriolar and venular endothelium, submucosal plexus, mucosal leukocyte, mucosal and muscularis vasculature, and myenteric plexus NADPH diaphorase staining in affected horses compared to the control group. This suggests reduced levels of NADPH diaphorase in these areas, an enzyme involved in nitric oxide production.
  • The research observed a significant increase in iNOS staining in mucosal leukocytes and vasculature in affected horses compared to the control group, indicating heightened iNOS activity in these cells. iNOS is an enzyme that produces high levels of nitric oxide in response to inflammatory or immune stimuli.
  • Except for more positively stained mucosal leukocytes in affected horses, there were no significant differences in NT staining between affected and control horses. This suggests the presence of similar levels of nitrotyrosine, a molecule produced by the reaction of nitric oxide and a type of reactive oxygen species.
  • The presence of NADPH diaphorase staining in endothelium and submucosal neurons suggests that endothelial and neuronal NOS (producers of NO) are present under normal conditions in a horse’s large colon.
  • The increased iNOS and NT staining in mucosal leukocytes of affected horses point towards the involvement of the NO pathway in large colon volvulus disease. This discovery may drive future investigation into therapeutic approaches targeting these pathways.
  • The research’s findings do not explain why there was no significant difference in plasma, abdominal fluid, and urine NO concentrations between affected and control horses, leaving room for further examination and study.

Cite This Article

APA
Mirza MH, Seahorn TL, Oliver JL, Hosgood G, Moore RM. (2005). Detection and comparison of nitric oxide in clinically healthy horses and those with naturally acquired strangulating large colon volvulus. Can J Vet Res, 69(2), 106-115.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 69
Issue: 2
Pages: 106-115

Researcher Affiliations

Mirza, Mustajab H
  • Equine Health Studies Program, Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803 USA.
Seahorn, Thomas L
    Oliver, Julian L
      Hosgood, Giselle
        Moore, Rustin M

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Case-Control Studies
          • Colon / metabolism
          • Colon / pathology
          • Colonic Diseases / blood
          • Colonic Diseases / metabolism
          • Colonic Diseases / urine
          • Colonic Diseases / veterinary
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / blood
          • Horse Diseases / metabolism
          • Horse Diseases / urine
          • Horses
          • Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
          • Intestinal Volvulus / blood
          • Intestinal Volvulus / metabolism
          • Intestinal Volvulus / urine
          • Intestinal Volvulus / veterinary
          • Male
          • NADP / metabolism
          • Nitric Oxide / analysis
          • Nitric Oxide / blood
          • Nitric Oxide / urine
          • Nitric Oxide Synthase / metabolism
          • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
          • Tyrosine / analogs & derivatives
          • Tyrosine / metabolism

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 1 times.
          1. Borunova SF, Tkachev N, Iolchiev B, Artyushina Z, Abramov P, Nikitina M, Silanteva A, Khusnetdinova N, Serezhenkov V. Estimation of Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Derivative-In Horses with Intestinal Colic by ESR Spectroscopy. Vet Sci 2020 Nov 29;7(4).
            doi: 10.3390/vetsci7040191pubmed: 33260335google scholar: lookup
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