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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(10); doi: 10.3390/pathogens10101325

Detection of Anti-LipL32 Antibodies in Serum Samples from Horses with Chronic Intraocular Infection with Leptospira spp.

Abstract: Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is typically caused by chronic intraocular leptospiral infection in warm-blooded horses in central Europe. The most effective therapy for leptospiral-induced ERU is the surgical removal of diseased vitreous (vitrectomy). Since vitrectomy is a highly specialized and invasive surgery, the indication must be determined very carefully. In order to obtain evidence of intraocular leptospiral infection by laboratory diagnostics in questionable leptospiral ERU-cases, sampling of aqueous humor is required, because serum tests using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) are too unspecific. The SNAP Lepto is a cross-species rapid test for the detection of anti-Lipl32 antibodies that has a high sensitivity (0.97) and specificity (1.00) for the detection of anti-leptospiral antibodies using aqueous humor or vitreous samples, which is comparable to MAT. To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of SNAP Lepto using serum, serum samples from 90 horses with confirmed leptospiral ERU and from 103 ocularly healthy horses were tested by both MAT and SNAP Lepto. Sensitivity was similar for both tests (0.82 vs. 0.79), but specificity was lower for MAT (0.52 vs. 0.95). Sensitivity and specificity are therefore lower in serum samples compared to intraocular samples, however, the SNAP Lepto is far superior to MAT and suitable as a screening method using equine serum.
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Publication Date: 2021-10-14 PubMed ID: 34684272PubMed Central: PMC8537251DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101325Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the use of a cross-species rapid test called SNAP Lepto to detect anti-Lipl32 antibodies, a sign of chronic intraocular Leptospira infection in horses. This infection often results in equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). Although the sensitivity and specificity of the test were lower when using serum samples as opposed to intraocular ones, SNAP Lepto outperformed the traditional Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and is deemed suitable as a screening method using equine serum.

Objective of the Study

  • The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the SNAP Lepto rapid test in identifying anti-Lipl32 antibodies, which are indicative of intraocular leptospiral infection, in serum samples drawn from horses. This leptospiral infection is a common cause of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU).

Methods Used and Findings

  • The researchers tested serum samples from 90 horses with a confirmed diagnosis of leptospiral ERU, and 103 horses without any ocular health issues using both MAT and SNAP Lepto.
  • The sensitivity (the test’s ability to correctly identify those with the disease) was found to be similar for both MAT and SNAP Lepto, scoring 0.82 and 0.79 respectively.
  • On the other hand, the specificity (the test’s ability to correctly identify those without the disease) was found to be significantly lower for MAT, coming in at 0.52, compared to SNAP Lepto’s score of 0.95.

Conclusion of the Study

  • While the sensitivity and specificity of the SNAP Lepto test were lower for serum samples compared to intraocular samples, its results were substantially better than those of MAT when applied to the serum samples. Thus, the researchers concluded that the SNAP Lepto test serves as a suitable screening method for chronic intraocular leptospiral infection using equine serum.

Cite This Article

APA
Geiger T, Gerhards H, Wollanke B. (2021). Detection of Anti-LipL32 Antibodies in Serum Samples from Horses with Chronic Intraocular Infection with Leptospira spp. Pathogens, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101325

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 10

Researcher Affiliations

Geiger, Tobias
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hanover, Germany.
Gerhards, Hartmut
  • Equine Clinic, Clinical Department, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Wollanke, Bettina
  • Equine Clinic, Clinical Department, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Strutzberg-Minder K, Ullerich A, Dohmann K, Boehmer J, Goris M. Comparison of Two Leptospira Type Strains of Serovar Grippotyphosa in Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) Diagnostics for the Detection of Infections with Leptospires in Horses, Dogs and Pigs. Vet Sci 2022 Aug 29;9(9).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9090464pubmed: 36136680google scholar: lookup
  2. Geiger T, Gerhards H, Bjelica B, Mackenthun E, Wollanke B. Analysis of 1840 Equine Intraocular Fluid Samples for the Presence of Anti-Leptospira Antibodies and Leptospiral DNA and the Correlation to Ophthalmologic Findings in Terms of Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)-A Retrospective Study. Vet Sci 2022 Aug 21;9(8).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9080448pubmed: 36006363google scholar: lookup
  3. Wollanke B, Gerhards H, Ackermann K. Infectious Uveitis in Horses and New Insights in Its Leptospiral Biofilm-Related Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2022 Feb 7;10(2).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10020387pubmed: 35208842google scholar: lookup
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