Detection of antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of influenza A virus allows distinction between vaccinated and infected horses.
Abstract: Antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of A/equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) influenza virus were detected exclusively in the sera of mice experimentally infected with A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and horses infected with A/equine/Kentucky/1/81 (H3N8) or A/equine/La Plata/1/93 (H3N8), but not in those of the animals immunized with the inactivated viruses, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a recombinant NS1 as antigen. The results indicate that the present method is useful for serological diagnosis to distinguish horses infected with equine H3 influenza viruses from those immunized with the inactivated vaccine.
Publication Date: 2001-06-26 PubMed ID: 11423202DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00366-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates the presence of antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of equine flu in horses, and their usefulness in distinguishing between vaccinated and infected horses.
Methodology and Key Findings
- The study involved the detection of antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of A/equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) influenza virus, a subtype of equine influenza. This protein marker was observed in the sera of mice infected with A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and horses infected with A/equine/Kentucky/1/81 (H3N8) or A/equine/La Plata/1/93 (H3N8).
- The nonstructural protein (NS1) was not detected in the sera of animals immunized with inactivated flu viruses, suggesting a distinction between antibody responses in infected and immunized horses.
- Detection was carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a technique used for detecting and quantifying substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones. In this case, a recombinant NS1 protein was used as antigen. This means that a modified version of NS1 was utilized, which is known to trigger an immune response.
- The research findings suggest that detecting these specific antibodies can help differentiate horses that are infected with equine H3 influenza viruses from those that have been immunized with the inactivated vaccine. This might have implications in epidemiological studies and disease management.
Implications of the Study
- This research contributes to our understanding of horse immunology and influenza infection. By identifying a specific antibody that appears in horses infected with particular strains of influenza but not in vaccinated horses, the study has established a potential marker for distinguishing actual infection from vaccination response.
- The findings can inform better diagnostic procedures, particularly in cases where it is important to differentiate between natural infection and vaccination. This could be critical in tracking and managing disease outbreaks among horse populations.
- Further research could build on these findings to create more accurate diagnostic tests for horse influenza, contributing to more effective equine health practices overall.
Cite This Article
APA
Ozaki H, Sugiura T, Sugita S, Imagawa H, Kida H.
(2001).
Detection of antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of influenza A virus allows distinction between vaccinated and infected horses.
Vet Microbiol, 82(2), 111-119.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00366-2 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / diagnosis
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Kelley EJ, Henson SN, Rahee F, Boyle AS, Engelbrektson AL, Nelson GA, Mead HL, Anderson NL, Razavi M, Yip R, Ladner JT, Scriba TJ, Altin JA. Virome-wide detection of natural infection events and the associated antibody dynamics using longitudinal highly-multiplexed serology. Nat Commun 2023 Mar 30;14(1):1783.
- Nogales A, DeDiego ML, Martínez-Sobrido L. Live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines with modified NS1 proteins for veterinary use. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:954811.
- Li F, Li B, Niu X, Chen W, Li Y, Wu K, Li X, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Yi L. The Development of Classical Swine Fever Marker Vaccines in Recent Years. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Apr 13;10(4).
- Li G, Feng J, Quan K, Sun Z, Yin Y, Yin Y, Chen S, Qin T, Peng D, Liu X. Generation of an avian influenza DIVA vaccine with a H3-peptide replacement located at HA2 against both highly and low pathogenic H7N9 virus. Virulence 2022 Dec;13(1):530-541.
- Sun Z, Wang Q, Li G, Li J, Chen S, Qin T, Ma H, Peng D, Liu X. Development of an Inactivated H7N9 Subtype Avian Influenza Serological DIVA Vaccine Using the Chimeric HA Epitope Approach. Microbiol Spectr 2021 Oct 31;9(2):e0068721.
- Robertson AH, Mahic M, Savic M, Tunheim G, Hungnes O, Trogstad L, Lipkin WI, Mjaaland S. Detection of anti-NS1 antibodies after pandemic influenza exposure: Evaluation of a serological method for distinguishing H1N1pdm09 infected from vaccinated cases. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020 May;14(3):294-301.
- Zhu C, Liu X, Chi H, Chen C, Chen Z, Fu G, Gong H, Huang Y. System for the heterologous expression of NS1 protein of H9N2 avian influenza virus in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. J Vet Med Sci 2018 Nov 1;80(10):1610-1618.
- Wu HS, Yang JR, Liu MT, Yang CH, Cheng MC, Chang FY. Influenza A(H5N2) virus antibodies in humans after contact with infected poultry, Taiwan, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2014 May;20(5):857-60.
- Dundon WG, Capua I. A Closer Look at the NS1 of Influenza Virus. Viruses 2009 Dec;1(3):1057-72.
- Tumpey TM, Alvarez R, Swayne DE, Suarez DL. Diagnostic approach for differentiating infected from vaccinated poultry on the basis of antibodies to NS1, the nonstructural protein of influenza A virus. J Clin Microbiol 2005 Feb;43(2):676-83.
- Gonzalez-Obando J, Jaimes-Dueñez J, Zuluaga-Cabrera A, Forero JE, Diaz A, Rojas-Arbeláez C, Ruiz-Saenz J. Seroprevalence of Equine Influenza Virus Antibodies in Horses from Four Localities in Colombia. Viruses 2025 Jul 16;17(7).
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