Detection of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 from Arabian Horses with different clinical presentations between 2016-2019 in Egypt.
Abstract: Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an important virus causing pathological disorders in horses. This highly contagious pathogen causes persistent outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infection, ocular affections, abortion, and neurological disorders with high mortality in Arabian horses in Egypt. The quick and accurate diagnosis is important to broaden our understanding about EHV-1 in the field, and to implicate stronger preventive, and control measures. Sixty-six Arabian horses from Cairo and Giza governorates were sampled from respiratory, abortigenic and neurological outbreaks over a period of 4 years. EHV-1 was diagnosed in these cases by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody against EHV-1 glycoprotein B and molecular detection using gB, ORF33 specific real-time PCR. EHV-1 was detected in 25 cases, mostly from abortigenic outbreaks (14 abortions, 3 stillbirths, and two early neonatal deaths), in addition to 5 respiratory affections and single EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy. Molecular characterization revealed that the ORF33 sequences from this study were almost identical and closely related to the European EHV-1 strains. Furthermore, no difference in the amino acid sequences compared to previously published EHV-1 sequences from Egypt. The data in this study provides some insights about the prevalance of EHV-1 infection in Arabian horses, discusses EHV-1 diagnostic approaches, highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and the importance of pregnant mare vaccination, and adds to the previous knowledge about EHV-1 in Egypt which may help in better controlling EHV-1 infections in the future.
Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2022-04-14 PubMed ID: 35430231DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103960Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Arabian Horses
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Herpesvirus
- Horses
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infectious Disease
- Molecular biology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vaccine
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Virus
Summary
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The research article investigates the effects of Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) on Arabian horses in Cairo and Giza, Egypt from 2016 to 2019, using specific testing methods to identify its prevalence and the virus’s relationship to various clinical symptoms observed in the horses.
Research Methodology
- The study selected sixty-six Arabian horses from Cairo and Giza governorates that showed symptoms of respiratory, abortigenic, and neurological disorders, hinting at an EHV-1 outbreak.
- The researchers sampled these horses over four years, tracking the potential spread and progression of EHV-1.
- Detection of EHV-1 in the chosen subjects was accomplished using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody against the EHV-1 glycoprotein B, as well as molecular detection using gB, ORF33 specific real-time PCR.
Key Findings
- EHV-1 was found in 25 of the cases, with the majority being linked to abortigenic outbreaks; this group consisted of 14 abortions, 3 stillbirths, and two early neonatal deaths.
- Other clinical presentations were less common. Five horses showed respiratory symptoms while only one case was associated with EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy.
- Molecular characterization revealed ORF33 sequences that were almost identical and closely related to European EHV-1 strains.
- No differences were found in the amino acid sequences when compared to previously published EHV-1 sequences from Egypt.
Conclusions and Implications
- The study provides insights into the prevalence of EHV-1 infection in Arabian horses, particularly its significant role in abortigenic outcomes.
- It emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and pregnant mare vaccination to control interruptions in reproduction caused by EHV-1.
- The data contributes to understanding EHV-1 in Egypt and its relation to global strains, which may assist in devising better control measures against EHV-1 infections in the future.
Cite This Article
APA
Ahdy AM, Ahmed BM, Elgamal MA, Shaalan M, Farag IM, Mahfouz ER, Darwish HR, Sayed-Ahmed MZ, Shalaby MA, El-Sanousi AA.
(2022).
Detection of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 from Arabian Horses with different clinical presentations between 2016-2019 in Egypt.
J Equine Vet Sci, 114, 103960.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103960 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Electronic address: basem-ahmed@cu.edu.eg.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address: drzakaria-infect@hotmail.com.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
- Egypt / epidemiology
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections / diagnosis
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
- Pregnancy
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Klouth E, Zablotski Y, Petersen JL, de Bruijn M, Gröndahl G, Müller S, Goehring LS. Epidemiological Aspects of Equid Herpesvirus-Associated Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreaks.. Viruses 2022 Nov 21;14(11).
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