Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil.
Abstract: For approximately one decade, a novel papillomavirus termed Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2) has been associated with equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). It is currently believed that the virus has a carcinogenic activity, being able to induce such neoplastic lesions. After being first described, EcPV-2 has been detected in many countries from North America, Europe, and Asia; however, to date, it has not been reported in Brazil. The aim of this research was to investigate the presence of EcPV-2 in penile/preputial papillomas and SCCs of Brazilian horses. Forty samples diagnosed as equine penile and/or preputial papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), or SCCs in two veterinary anatomic pathology services from southern Brazil were investigated. Histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BPV-1 antibody were performed. Posteriorly, the samples were submitted to polymerase chain reaction using two broad-spectrum (MY09/11 and FAP) and one EcPV-2-specific primer sets. Positive samples were sequenced. PV antigen expression was detected in one papilloma, one CIS, and two SCCs by IHC. Five SCCs, one papilloma, and one CIS were PV-positive on PCR. Sequencing of the seven PCR products revealed homology with EcPV-2. This study confirms the occurrence of EcPV-2 infection in Brazilian horses. Moreover, the results presented here provide useful information concerning the phylogeny from the viruses detected in our samples. We hope to encourage further studies on this novel agent, contributing to its characterization, and, possibly, to the eventual development of preventive measurements, including a possible vaccine.
© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.
Publication Date: 2022-05-16 PubMed ID: 35570259PubMed Central: PMC9433495DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00769-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research is about the detection of a virus associated with horse tumors, known as Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2), in Brazilian horses. The research was aimed at determining if the virus exists in the country.
Introduction
This study was focused on a novel virus known as Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2), which has been linked with equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) – forms of tumors in horses. This virus is believed to have carcinogenic properties, hence its association with these neoplastic lesions. While the virus has been found in multiple countries across North America, Europe, and Asia, there has been no prior reporting of its presence in Brazil. This research sought to investigate if the EcPV-2 virus is present in Brazilian horses, specifically in the noted tumor types.
Methodology
In order to achieve the purpose of this research,
- Forty samples diagnosed as equine penile and/or preputial papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), or SCCs from southern Brazil were collected.
- These samples underwent histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BPV-1 antibody.
- The samples were then subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure using a set of broad-spectrum primers and EcPV-2-specific primers.
- Any positive samples were sequenced for further analysis.
Results
From the investigation,
- PV antigen expression was detected in one papilloma, one CIS, and two SCCs by IHC.
- Five SCCs, one papilloma, and one CIS were PV-positive on PCR.
- The sequencing of these seven PCR products revealed homology with EcPV-2.
Discussion
The findings led to the authors confirming the existence of EcPV-2 infection in Brazilian horses. Additionally, the results provided useful data about the phylogeny of the detected viruses in the samples. Therefore, not only does this study validate the presence of EcPV-2 in Brazil, but it also provides more information about the virus.
Conclusion
The researchers express hope that this study will prompt additional research into the EcPV-2 virus, aiding in its characterization and possibly leading to the development of preventive measures, such as vaccines, against it.
Cite This Article
APA
da Silva TRO, Gonçalves PNC, Marcus VB, Mucellini CI, Dos Santos IR, Kommers G, Driemeier D, Flores EF, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM.
(2022).
Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil.
Braz J Microbiol, 53(3), 1707-1713.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00769-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil. marianamflores@yahoo.com.br.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Horse Diseases
- Horses
- Papilloma
- Papillomaviridae / genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections
Grant Funding
- 19/2551-0001324-8 / Fundau00e7u00e3o de Amparo u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
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