Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil.
Abstract: For approximately one decade, a novel papillomavirus termed Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2) has been associated with equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). It is currently believed that the virus has a carcinogenic activity, being able to induce such neoplastic lesions. After being first described, EcPV-2 has been detected in many countries from North America, Europe, and Asia; however, to date, it has not been reported in Brazil. The aim of this research was to investigate the presence of EcPV-2 in penile/preputial papillomas and SCCs of Brazilian horses. Forty samples diagnosed as equine penile and/or preputial papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), or SCCs in two veterinary anatomic pathology services from southern Brazil were investigated. Histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BPV-1 antibody were performed. Posteriorly, the samples were submitted to polymerase chain reaction using two broad-spectrum (MY09/11 and FAP) and one EcPV-2-specific primer sets. Positive samples were sequenced. PV antigen expression was detected in one papilloma, one CIS, and two SCCs by IHC. Five SCCs, one papilloma, and one CIS were PV-positive on PCR. Sequencing of the seven PCR products revealed homology with EcPV-2. This study confirms the occurrence of EcPV-2 infection in Brazilian horses. Moreover, the results presented here provide useful information concerning the phylogeny from the viruses detected in our samples. We hope to encourage further studies on this novel agent, contributing to its characterization, and, possibly, to the eventual development of preventive measurements, including a possible vaccine.
© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.
Publication Date: 2022-05-16 PubMed ID: 35570259PubMed Central: PMC9433495DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00769-3Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research is about the detection of a virus associated with horse tumors, known as Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2), in Brazilian horses. The research was aimed at determining if the virus exists in the country.
Introduction
This study was focused on a novel virus known as Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2), which has been linked with equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) – forms of tumors in horses. This virus is believed to have carcinogenic properties, hence its association with these neoplastic lesions. While the virus has been found in multiple countries across North America, Europe, and Asia, there has been no prior reporting of its presence in Brazil. This research sought to investigate if the EcPV-2 virus is present in Brazilian horses, specifically in the noted tumor types.
Methodology
In order to achieve the purpose of this research,
- Forty samples diagnosed as equine penile and/or preputial papillomas, carcinomas in situ (CIS), or SCCs from southern Brazil were collected.
- These samples underwent histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a BPV-1 antibody.
- The samples were then subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure using a set of broad-spectrum primers and EcPV-2-specific primers.
- Any positive samples were sequenced for further analysis.
Results
From the investigation,
- PV antigen expression was detected in one papilloma, one CIS, and two SCCs by IHC.
- Five SCCs, one papilloma, and one CIS were PV-positive on PCR.
- The sequencing of these seven PCR products revealed homology with EcPV-2.
Discussion
The findings led to the authors confirming the existence of EcPV-2 infection in Brazilian horses. Additionally, the results provided useful data about the phylogeny of the detected viruses in the samples. Therefore, not only does this study validate the presence of EcPV-2 in Brazil, but it also provides more information about the virus.
Conclusion
The researchers express hope that this study will prompt additional research into the EcPV-2 virus, aiding in its characterization and possibly leading to the development of preventive measures, such as vaccines, against it.
Cite This Article
APA
da Silva TRO, Gonçalves PNC, Marcus VB, Mucellini CI, Dos Santos IR, Kommers G, Driemeier D, Flores EF, Cargnelutti JF, Flores MM.
(2022).
Detection of Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 in equine penile/preputial papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in southern Brazil.
Braz J Microbiol, 53(3), 1707-1713.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-022-00769-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Setor de Virologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil. marianamflores@yahoo.com.br.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Brazil / epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / veterinary
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Horse Diseases
- Horses
- Papilloma
- Papillomaviridae / genetics
- Papillomavirus Infections
Grant Funding
- 19/2551-0001324-8 / Fundau00e7u00e3o de Amparo u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
References
This article includes 25 references
- Foster RA. Integumentary system. Jubb, Kennedy and Palmers’ pathology of domestic animals V3, 6th edn. Elsevier, St Louis, pp 509.
- Mauldin EA, Peters-Kennedy J. Integumentary system. Jubb, Kennedy and Palmers’ pathology of domestic animals V1, 6th edn. Elsevier, St. Louis, pp 706.
- Smith M, Levine D, Getman L, Parente E, Engiles J. Case report: vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in situ within viral papillomas in an aged Quarter Horse mare. Equine Vet Educ 2009;21(1):11–16.
- Zhang W, Yang S, Shan T, Hou R, Liu Z, Li W, Guo L, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang X, Feng F, Wang H, Chen C, Shen Q, Zhou C, Hua X, Cui L, Deng X, Zhang Z, Qi D, Delwart E. Virome comparisons in wild-diseased and healthy captive giant pandas.. Microbiome 2017 Aug 7;5(1):90.
- Goldschmidt MH, Goldschmidt KH. Epithelial and melanocytic tumors of the skin. Tumors in domestic animals 5. Ames: John Wiley & Sons Inc.; 2017. pp. 91–99.
- Scase T, Brandt S, Kainzbauer C, Sykora S, Bijmholt S, Hughes K, Sharpe S, Foote A. Equus caballus papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2): an infectious cause for equine genital cancer?. Equine Vet J 2010 Nov;42(8):738-45.
- Alloway E, Linder K, May S, Rose T, DeLay J, Bender S, Tucker A, Luff J. A Subset of Equine Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Associated With Equus Caballus Papillomavirus-2 Infection.. Vet Pathol 2020 May;57(3):427-431.
- Greenwood S, Chow-Lockerbie B, Ramsauer S, Wachoski-Dark G, Knight C, Wobeser B. Prevalence of Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 Infection and Seropositivity in Asymptomatic Western Canadian Horses.. Vet Pathol 2020 Sep;57(5):632-641.
- Knight CG, Dunowska M, Munday JS, Peters-Kennedy J, Rosa BV. Comparison of the levels of Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV-2) DNA in equine squamous cell carcinomas and non-cancerous tissues using quantitative PCR.. Vet Microbiol 2013 Sep 27;166(1-2):257-62.
- Sykora S, Samek L, Schönthaler K, Palm F, Borzacchiello G, Aurich C, Brandt S. EcPV-2 is transcriptionally active in equine SCC but only rarely detectable in swabs and semen from healthy horses.. Vet Microbiol 2012 Jul 6;158(1-2):194-8.
- Greenwood S, Chow-Lockerbie B, Epp T, Knight C, Wachoski-Dark G, MacDonald-Dickinson V, Wobeser B. Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Western Canadian Horses.. Vet Pathol 2020 Sep;57(5):623-631.
- Bogaert L, Willemsen A, Vanderstraeten E, Bracho MA, De Baere C, Bravo IG, Martens A. EcPV2 DNA in equine genital squamous cell carcinomas and normal genital mucosa.. Vet Microbiol 2012 Jul 6;158(1-2):33-41.
- Knight CG, Munday JS, Peters J, Dunowska M. Equine penile squamous cell carcinomas are associated with the presence of equine papillomavirus type 2 DNA sequences.. Vet Pathol 2011 Nov;48(6):1190-4.
- Lange CE, Tobler K, Lehner A, Grest P, Welle MM, Schwarzwald CC, Favrot C. EcPV2 DNA in equine papillomas and in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas supports papillomavirus etiology.. Vet Pathol 2013 Jul;50(4):686-92.
- Lee SK, Lee JK, Lee I. Molecular Detection of Equus caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 in Genital Swabs From Healthy Horses in the Republic of Korea.. J Equine Vet Sci 2019 Jan;72:97-100.
- Newkirk KM, Hendrix DV, Anis EA, Rohrbach BW, Ehrhart EJ, Lyons JA, Kania SA. Detection of papillomavirus in equine periocular and penile squamous cell carcinoma.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014 Jan;26(1):131-5.
- Yamashita-Kawanishi N, Ito S, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Sato M, Chang HW, Knight C, van der Meer F, Haga T. Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 infection in a Japanese mare.. Tumour Virus Res 2021 Dec;12:200226.
- Silva MS, Weiss M, Brum MC, Dos Anjos BL, Torres FD, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Molecular identification of bovine papillomaviruses associated with cutaneous warts in southern Brazil.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010 Jul;22(4):603-6.
- Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K. MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms.. Mol Biol Evol 2018 Jun 1;35(6):1547-1549.
- Ramos-Vara JA, Miller MA. When tissue antigens and antibodies get along: revisiting the technical aspects of immunohistochemistry--the red, brown, and blue technique.. Vet Pathol 2014 Jan;51(1):42-87.
- Pérez J, Mozos E, Martín MP, Day MJ. Immunohistochemical study of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with equine squamous cell carcinoma.. J Comp Pathol 1999 Nov;121(4):385-97.
- Santana CH, Moreira PRR, Rosolem MC, Vasconcelos RO. Relationship between the inflammatory infiltrate and the degree of differentiation of the canine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.. Vet Anim Sci 2016 Dec;1-2:4-8.
- van den Top JG, de Heer N, Klein WR, Ensink JM. Penile and preputial tumours in the horse: a retrospective study of 114 affected horses.. Equine Vet J 2008 Sep;40(6):528-32.
- Zhu KW, Affolter VK, Gaynor AM, Dela Cruz FN Jr, Pesavento PA. Equine Genital Squamous Cell Carcinoma: In Situ Hybridization Identifies a Distinct Subset Containing Equus caballus Papillomavirus 2.. Vet Pathol 2015 Nov;52(6):1067-72.
- Wood CE, Borgerink H, Register TC, Scott L, Cline JM. Cervical and vaginal epithelial neoplasms in cynomolgus monkeys.. Vet Pathol 2004 Mar;41(2):108-15.
Citations
This article has been cited 0 times.Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
