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Virus genes1999; 18(3); 211-220; doi: 10.1023/a:1008064118057

Detection of new DNA polymerase genes of known and potentially novel herpesviruses by PCR with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers.

Abstract: A consensus primer PCR approach was used to (i) investigate the presence of herpesviruses in wild and zoo equids (zebra, wild ass, tapir) and to (ii) study the genetic relationship of the herpesvirus of pigeons (columbid herpesvirus 1) to other herpesvirus species. The PCR assay, based on degenerate primers targeting highly conserved regions of the DNA polymerase gene of herpesviruses, was modified by using a mixture of degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. The applicability of the modification was validated by amplification of published DNA polymerase genes of 16 herpesvirus species and of the previously uncharacterized DNA polymerase genes of equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) and equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV-5). The modified assay was then used for partial amplification of the polymerase of columbid herpesvirus 1 which is presently classified as a beta-herpesvirus based on biological criteria. Sequence analysis of amplicons obtained from four different viral strains revealed a close relationship of columbid herpesvirus 1 to members of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, especially to Marek's disease herpesvirus. This was confirmed by characterization of additional 1.6kb of the columbid herpesvirus 1 polymerase. Consensus PCR analysis of blood samples from zebras, a wild ass and a tapir revealed amplicons showing high percentages ( > 50%) of sequence identity to DNA polymerases of gamma-herpesviruses. In particular, the zebra and the wild ass sequence were closely related to each other and to the polymerases of the equine gamma-herpesviruses EHV-2 and EHV-5 with sequence identities of > 80%. This is a first indication that novel gamma-herpesviruses are present in wild and zoo equids.
Publication Date: 1999-08-24 PubMed ID: 10456789DOI: 10.1023/a:1008064118057Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the presence of various herpesviruses in wild and zoo equids using a PCR approach with a new modification. Subsequently, it examines the genetic relationship between certain herpes viruses, revealing potentially novel gamma-herpesviruses in wild and zoo equids.

Methodology

  • The study uses a consensus primer PCR approach to identify the presence of herpesviruses in various equids, including zebra, wild ass, and tapir. The term ‘consensus primer’ refers to a set of primers that can all bind at a certain location on a DNA strand to initiate replication.
  • The PCR assay that was used was based on degenerate primers which target highly conserved regions of the DNA polymerase gene in herpesviruses. ‘Degenerate primers’ are a mixture of similar primers that bind to the same region of a DNA strand. ‘Highly conserved’ means parts of the gene that generally do not change over generations and are shared among different species, hence are reliable targets for this type of investigation.

Modification of the PCR Approach

  • The method was modified by using both degenerate primers and those substituted with deoxyinosine. Using both degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers can increase the affinity of the primers for their target sequences, leading to improved PCR performance.
  • The researchers validated the applicability of the modified method by amplifying existing published DNA polymerase genes of 16 different species of herpesvirus. This step was necessary to prove that their modified method would accurately replicate these known types of herpesvirus genes.

Results and Discussion

  • With the modified method, the researchers partially amplified the polymerase of columbid herpesvirus 1, a variety that is classified as a beta-herpesvirus. Analyzing the amplicons — the pieces of DNA that result from amplification — from four different viral strains revealed that columbid herpesvirus 1 is closely related to alphaherpesvirinae, specifically to Marek’s disease herpesvirus.
  • When they applied the PCR method to analysing blood samples from zebras, a wild ass and a tapir, the results indicated high sequence identity to DNA polymerases of gamma-herpesviruses, suggesting that these animals may carry gamma-herpesviruses. The sequences found in the zebra and the wild ass were particularly related to each other and to certain equine gamma-herpesviruses known as EHV-2 and EHV-5.

Conclusion

  • The study provides a first indication of the possible presence of novel gamma-herpesviruses in wild and zoo equids. The researchers’ modification to the PCR method was successful in amplifying the viral strains under investigation, indicating a potential new tool for virus identification research.

Cite This Article

APA
Ehlers B, Borchers K, Grund C, Frölich K, Ludwig H, Buhk HJ. (1999). Detection of new DNA polymerase genes of known and potentially novel herpesviruses by PCR with degenerate and deoxyinosine-substituted primers. Virus Genes, 18(3), 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008064118057

Publication

ISSN: 0920-8569
NlmUniqueID: 8803967
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: 211-220

Researcher Affiliations

Ehlers, B
  • Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin. EhlersB@RKI.DE
Borchers, K
    Grund, C
      Frölich, K
        Ludwig, H
          Buhk, H J

            MeSH Terms

            • Amino Acid Sequence
            • Animals
            • Cell Line
            • DNA Primers
            • DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / genetics
            • Equidae
            • Herpesviridae / enzymology
            • Herpesviridae / genetics
            • Inosine / analogs & derivatives
            • Molecular Sequence Data
            • Phylogeny
            • Polymerase Chain Reaction
            • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
            • Species Specificity

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