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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasitol Res / Detection of SNPs and benzimidazole resistance in strongyle ...
Parasitology research2023; 122(9); 2037-2043; doi: 10.1007/s00436-023-07903-6

Detection of SNPs and benzimidazole resistance in strongyle nematode eggs of horses by allele-specific PCR.

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the benzimidazole (BZ) resistance in strongyle nematode egg populations in horses using molecular techniques. A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from horses in 26 farms in two provinces (Kayseri and Nevşehir) of the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye between May and August 2022. The flotation method was used to detect strongyle nematode eggs in the fecal samples of the horses. Afterward, strongyle nematode eggs were collected, and the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) technique was used to detect the BZ resistance. BZ-susceptible and BZ-resistant PCR products were sequenced to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. The strongyle nematode eggs were determined in 85 (42.5%) out of 200 fecal samples. AS-PCR detected 50.58% (43/85) BZ-resistant (homozygous resistant) and 36.4% (31/85) BZ-susceptible (homozygous susceptible) genes in the strongyle eggs. Both BZ-resistant and BZ-susceptible genes (heterozygous) were determined in 11 samples. BZ-resistant and BZ-susceptible allele frequencies were determined as 57.0% (48.5/85) and 43.0% (36.5/85), respectively. SNPs were detected only in codon 200 of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene in four sequenced isolates of the two resistant and two susceptible isolates. This study is the first molecular report on BZ resistance in strongyle nematode eggs in horses in Türkiye. The widespread prevalence of BZ-resistant alleles in equine strongyle nematodes shows the requirement for the immediate usage of other anthelmintics instead of the BZ group drugs for the effective management and control of equine strongyle nematodes.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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Publication Date: 2023-06-24 PubMed ID: 37354256PubMed Central: 9226773DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07903-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses a study that aimed to identify genetic variations and resistance to a common de-worming drug in strongyle nematode parasites in horses, using specialized molecular techniques.

Methodology

  • The study was carried out on 200 fecal samples from horses, collected from 26 farms in two provinces in the central region of Türkiye.
  • The researchers utilized the flotation method to detect the presence of strongyle nematode eggs in the fecal samples.
  • Using a technique known as Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR), they analyzed for resistance to a drug called Benzimidazole (BZ).
  • The β-tubulin isotype 1 gene’s sequences of both BZ-resistant and BZ-susceptible parasites were compared to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are variations at a single position in a DNA sequence.

Results

  • Out of the 200 samples, strongyle nematode eggs were present in 85 of them, which makes 42.5%.
  • AS-PCR detected 50.58% of the eggs as BZ-resistant, 36.4% as BZ-susceptible, with both resistant and susceptible genes found in 11 of the samples.
  • The frequency for BZ-resistant alleles was determined at 57.0% and BZ-susceptible ones at 43.0%.
  • Visible SNPs were only detected in four sequenced isolates; two each from the BZ-resistant and BZ-susceptible samples, specifically at codon 200 of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene.

Conclusion and Implications

  • This research is the first of its kind to explore BZ resistance in equine strongyle nematodes in Türkiye at a molecular level.
  • The findings reveal an alarming level of resistance among strongyle nematodes to Benzimidazole, a commonly used drug for treating parasitic infections in horses.
  • This suggests the need for immediate deployment of alternative anthelmintic treatments for effective management and control of equine strongyle nematodes, to avoid potential adverse effects on horse health.

Cite This Article

APA
Onder Z, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Ciloglu A, Yetismis G, Karabulut F, Inci A. (2023). Detection of SNPs and benzimidazole resistance in strongyle nematode eggs of horses by allele-specific PCR. Parasitol Res, 122(9), 2037-2043. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-023-07903-6

Publication

Parasitology research
ISSN: 1432-1955
NlmUniqueID: 8703571
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 122
Issue: 9
Pages: 2037-2043

Researcher Affiliations

Onder, Zuhal
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey. zuhalbiskin@erciyes.edu.tr.
Yildirim, Alparslan
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
Duzlu, Onder
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
Ciloglu, Arif
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
Yetismis, Gamze
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
Karabulut, Faruk
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
Inci, Abdullah
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Alleles
  • Tubulin / genetics
  • Strongyle Infections, Equine / drug therapy
  • Strongyle Infections, Equine / epidemiology
  • Strongyle Infections, Equine / genetics
  • Benzimidazoles / pharmacology
  • Anthelmintics / pharmacology
  • Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Nematoda / genetics
  • Drug Resistance / genetics

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