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Australian veterinary journal2007; 85(1-2); 46-50; doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00096.x

Detection of viruses in nasal swab samples from horses with acute, febrile, respiratory disease using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction and serology.

Abstract: To examine the association of viruses with acute febrile respiratory disease in horses. Design Nasal swab and serum samples were collected from 20 horses with acute febrile upper respiratory disease that was clinically assessed to have a viral origin. Methods: Each of the samples was inoculated onto equine fetal kidney, RK13 and Vero cell cultures, and viral nucleic acid was extracted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription PCR. PCR primers were designed to amplify nucleic acid from viruses known to cause or be associated with acute febrile respiratory disease in horses in Australia. A type specific ELISA was used to measure equine herpesvirus (EHV1 and EHV4) antibody, and serum neutralisation assays were used to measure equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) and equine rhinitis B virus 1 and 2 (ERBV1 and ERBV2) antibody titres in serum samples. Results: Virus was isolated from 4 of 20 nasal swab samples. There were three isolations of EHV4 and one of ERBV2. By PCR, virus was identified in the nasal swab samples of 12 of the 20 horses. Of the 12 horses [corrected] that were positive, 17 viruses were detected as follows: there was [corrected] one triple positive (EHV4, EHV2, and EHV5), three double positives (EHV4, ERBV and EHV5, ERBV (2 horses)) and 8 [corrected] single positives (EHV4 (2 horses), EHV5 (3 horses) and ERBV (3 [corrected] horses). Conclusions: By virus isolation and PCR, 17 viruses were identified in nasal swab samples from 12 of 20 horses that had acute febrile respiratory disease consistent with a diagnosis of virus infection. Initial PCR identification and subsequent virus isolation led to the isolation of ERBV2 for the first time in Australia and the second time anywhere of ERBV2.
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Publication Date: 2007-02-16 PubMed ID: 17300454DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00096.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aimed to identify viruses related to acute febrile respiratory disease in horses by utilizing virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology methods on nasal swab and serum samples. The study found 17 viruses in 12 out of 20 horses with the disease, including the first isolation of ERBV2 in Australia.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The study was designed to investigate the association of viruses with acute febrile respiratory disease in horses.
  • Researchers collected nasal swab and serum samples from 20 horses that were clinically diagnosed with a viral origin acute febrile upper respiratory disease.
  • The samples were inoculated onto equine fetal kidney, RK13 and Vero cell cultures, and viral nucleic acid was extracted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription PCR.
  • PCR primers were designed specifically to amplify the nucleic acids of those viruses that are known to be the cause or seen in association with acute febrile respiratory diseases in horses in Australia.
  • A type-specific ELISA was used to measure equine herpesvirus (EHV1 and EHV4) antibodies, and serum neutralisation assays were used to measure equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) and equine rhinitis B virus 1 and 2 (ERBV1 and ERBV2) antibody titres in serum samples.

Findings

  • Virus was isolated from 4 out of 20 nasal swab samples. These include three isolations of EHV4 and one of ERBV2.
  • Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), viruses were identified in the nasal swab samples of 12 out of the 20 horses.
  • From these 12 horses, 17 viruses were detected. There was one triple positive (EHV4, EHV2, and EHV5), three double positives (EHV4, ERBV and EHV5, ERBV (2 horses)), and 8 single positives (EHV4 (2 horses), EHV5 (3 horses), and ERBV (3 horses)).

Conclusion

  • By utilizing virus isolation and PCR, the study managed to identify 17 viruses in nasal swab samples from 12 out of 20 horses with acute febrile respiratory disease.
  • This research is significant as through initial PCR identification and subsequent virus isolation, ERBV2 was isolated for the first time in Australia and only the second time worldwide.

This study contributes substantially to the understanding of viral causes of acute febrile respiratory disease in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Dynon K, Black WD, Ficorilli N, Hartley CA, Studdert MJ. (2007). Detection of viruses in nasal swab samples from horses with acute, febrile, respiratory disease using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction and serology. Aust Vet J, 85(1-2), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00096.x

Publication

Australian veterinary journal
ISSN: 0005-0423
NlmUniqueID: 0370616
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 85
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 46-50

Researcher Affiliations

Dynon, K
  • Centre for Equine Virology, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010.
Black, W D
    Ficorilli, N
      Hartley, C A
        Studdert, M J

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Aphthovirus / isolation & purification
          • Erbovirus / isolation & purification
          • Herpesviridae Infections / diagnosis
          • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
          • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
          • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / isolation & purification
          • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
          • Horse Diseases / virology
          • Horses
          • Nasal Cavity / virology
          • Picornaviridae / isolation & purification
          • Picornaviridae Infections / diagnosis
          • Picornaviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Picornaviridae Infections / virology
          • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
          • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
          • Respiratory Tract Infections / diagnosis
          • Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
          • Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
          • Serologic Tests / veterinary
          • Varicellovirus / isolation & purification

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