Determinants of the maximal change in pleural pressure during tidal breathing in COPD-affected horses.
Abstract: In six COPD-affected horses, we analysed the factors responsible for the changes in pleural pressure (delta Pplmax) that occur during tidal breathing. Four-hundred-and-sixty-eight measurements of each parameter: pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic elastance (Edyn), air flow rates, and the timing of breathing, were gathered during a trial of the bronchodilator pirbuterol. Data were placed into seven ranks, based on the magnitude of delta Pplmax; rank 1: 5-15; rank 2: 15-25; rank 3: 25-35; rank 4: 35-45; rank 5: 45-55; rank 6: 55-65; and rank 7 > 65 cm H2O. Up to rank 4 (45 cm H2O), the increase in delta Pplmax was due to increases in RL, Edyn, and inspiratory and expiratory air flow rates. Further increases in delta Pplmax were due to continuing increases in Edyn and flow rates with little change in resistance. The increase in inspiratory flow rates was the result of a decrease in inspiratory time. The large increase in peak expiratory flow could not be explained by the small decrease in expiratory time and must therefore be due to a change in breathing strategy as delta Pplmax increased. Changes in air flow rates as well as changes in RL and Edyn must be considered as reasons for a change in delta Pplmax when evaluating horses with COPD.
Publication Date: 1999-04-16 PubMed ID: 10204411DOI: 10.1053/tvjl.1998.0281Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Airway Disease
- Animal Health
- Bronchi
- Bronchodilation
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Diagnosis
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
- Pulmonary Health
- Respiratory Disease
- Respiratory Health
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This research investigates the factors that affect changes in pleural pressure during typical breathing in horses with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Through observing different parameters like lung resistance, dynamic elastance, airflow rates, and timing of breaths, the study finds that alterations in these factors lead to a change in pleural pressures in horses with COPD.
Methodology
- The study was conducted on six horses diagnosed with COPD. The examination focused on determining the elements accountable for pleural pressure changes (delta Pplmax) during tidal or normal breathing.
- A total of 468 measurements were collected for each factor, including pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic elastance (Edyn), airflow rates, and the timing of breaths. These observations were gathered while the horses were given a trial of the bronchodilator pirbuterol.
- The collected data were sorted into seven ranks based on the magnitude of delta Pplmax, with each rank representing a different range of cm H2O.
Findings
- Up to rank 4 (up to 45 cm H2O), the rise in delta Pplmax was observed to be due to increases in RL, Edyn, and both inspiratory and expiratory airflow rates.
- From rank 5 (45 cm H2O) onwards, the increase in delta Pplmax was due to the continuous enhancement in Edyn and airflow rates, with resistance seeing little to no changes.
- An interesting observation was the increase in inspiratory flow rates resulted from a decrease in inspiratory time.
- A considerable increase in peak expiratory flow was noted. However, the minimal decrease in expiratory time couldn’t account for it, indicating a possible change in breathing strategy as delta Pplmax increased.
Implications
- The study implies that any changes in airflow rates, RL, and Edyn should be considered as potential reasons for changes in delta Pplmax, especially when evaluating horses diagnosed with COPD.
- The findings suggest that different aspects of respiration, including resistance, elasticity, and flow rates, are interlinked and may contribute to the breathing difficulties experienced by horses with COPD.
- The apparent change in breathing strategy with the increase in pleural pressure presents an intriguing area for further investigation.
Cite This Article
APA
Robinson NE, Derksen FJ, Olszewski M, Berney C, Boehler D, Matson C, Hakala J.
(1999).
Determinants of the maximal change in pleural pressure during tidal breathing in COPD-affected horses.
Vet J, 157(2), 160-165.
https://doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.1998.0281 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Airway Resistance
- Animals
- Elasticity
- Female
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive / physiopathology
- Lung Diseases, Obstructive / veterinary
- Male
- Orchiectomy
- Pleura / physiopathology
- Pressure
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Tidal Volume
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Sheats MK, Davis KU, Poole JA. Comparative Review of Asthma in Farmers and Horses. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019 Oct 10;19(11):50.
- Dillon PF, Root-Bernstein R, Robinson NE, Abraham WM, Berney C. Receptor-mediated enhancement of beta adrenergic drug activity by ascorbate in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2010 Dec 13;5(12):e15130.
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