Determination of reference range values indicative of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance by use of glucose clamp techniques in horses and ponies.
Abstract: To acquire reference range values indicative of glucose metabolism by use of the hyperglycemic clamp technique in healthy horses and evaluate the usefulness of the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in healthy horses and ponies. Methods: Dutch Warmblood horses and 4 Shetland ponies. Methods: The hyperglycemic clamp technique was used for quantification of the sensitivity of beta cells to exogenous glucose infusion in horses. The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was used to determine the sensitivity and responsiveness of tissues to exogenous insulin in horses and ponies. Results: During the hyperglycemic clamp technique, the mean amount of glucose metabolized (M) in horses was 0.011 +/- 0.0045 mmol/kg x min(-1) (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0018 to 0.020 mmol/kg x min(-1); range, 0.000035 to 0.021 mmol/kg x min(-1)) and the mean M value-to-plasma insulin concentration (I) ratio (ie, mmol of glucose/kg x min(-1) per pmol of insulin/L x 100) was 0.017 +/- 0.016 (95% CI, -0.014 to 0.049; range, 0.000025 to 0.055). During the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, the mean M value was 0.014 +/- 0.0055 mmol/kg x min(-1) (95% CI, 0.0026 to 0.025 mmol/kg x min(-1); range, 0.0042 to 0.023 mmol/kg x min(-1)) in horses and 0.0073 +/- 0.0020 mmol/kg x min(-1) (95% CI, 0.0034 to 0.011 mmol/kg x min(-1); range, 0.0049 to 0.011 mmol/kg x min(-1)) in ponies. The M value was significantly lower in ponies than in horses, whereas the M:I ratios were not significantly different between horses and ponies. Conclusions: Glucose clamp techniques offer good methods to investigate glucose metabolism in horses and ponies. A higher degree of insulin resistance was found in ponies, compared with Dutch Warmblood horses.
Publication Date: 2003-11-05 PubMed ID: 14596464DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1260Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study has established reference values for glucose metabolism in healthy horses and ponies using glucose clamp techniques. Dutch Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies were subjected to these techniques to determine the sensitivity of their beta cells and tissues to glucose and insulin respectively. It was found that ponies exhibit significantly more insulin resistance in comparison to horses.
Objective of the Study
- The main objective of the study was to obtain reference range values that indicate glucose metabolism in healthy horses. These values would be obtained using the hyperglycemic clamp technique. Moreover, the research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a second type of technique, namely, the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, in healthy horses and ponies.
Methods Used
- The study employed the hyperglycemic clamp technique on Dutch Warmblood horses for the determination of their beta cells’ sensitivity to exogenous glucose infusion.
- The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was also utilized on the horses and 4 Shetland ponies. This technique was used to assess the sensitivity and responsiveness of their body tissues to exogenous insulin.
Findings of the Study
- The amount of glucose metabolized in horses, as measured during the hyperglycemic clamp technique, averaged 0.011 +/- 0.0045 mmol/kg x min(-1).
- The mean ratio of glucose metabolized to plasma insulin concentration was 0.017 +/- 0.016 (mmol of glucose/kg x min(-1) per pmol of insulin/L x 100) in horses.
- During the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, the mean amount of glucose metabolized was presented as 0.014 +/- 0.0055 mmol/kg x min(-1) in horses, and 0.0073 +/- 0.0020 mmol/kg x min(-1) in ponies.
- The ponies had a significantly lower glucose metabolized value than that of the horses, i.e., they were less able to metabolize glucose. However, when assessing the glucose metabolized value to plasma insulin concentration ratios, there wasn’t a significant difference between horses and ponies.
Conclusions from the Study
- Glucose clamp techniques are useful for assessing glucose metabolism in horses and ponies.
- Shetland ponies were found to have a higher degree of insulin resistance compared with Dutch Warmblood horses, suggesting species-specific differences in metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Cite This Article
APA
Rijnen KE, van der Kolk JH.
(2003).
Determination of reference range values indicative of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance by use of glucose clamp techniques in horses and ponies.
Am J Vet Res, 64(10), 1260-1264.
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1260 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Equine Sciences, Medicine Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.153, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Glucose / metabolism
- Female
- Glucose Clamp Technique
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horses / blood
- Hyperglycemia / blood
- Hyperglycemia / veterinary
- Insulin / blood
- Insulin Resistance / physiology
- Male
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Moser K, Banse H. Comparison of the glucose and insulin responses of horses to 2 formulations of corn syrup. Can Vet J 2019 Jun;60(6):637-643.
- Warnken T, Huber K, Feige K. Comparison of three different methods for the quantification of equine insulin. BMC Vet Res 2016 Sep 9;12(1):196.
- Bertin FR, Taylor SD, Bianco AW, Sojka-Kritchevsky JE. The Effect of Fasting Duration on Baseline Blood Glucose Concentration, Blood Insulin Concentration, Glucose/Insulin Ratio, Oral Sugar Test, and Insulin Response Test Results in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Sep;30(5):1726-1731.
- Peugnet P, Wimel L, Duchamp G, Sandersen C, Camous S, Guillaume D, Dahirel M, Dubois C, Jouneau L, Reigner F, Berthelot V, Chaffaux S, Tarrade A, Serteyn D, Chavatte-Palmer P. Enhanced or reduced fetal growth induced by embryo transfer into smaller or larger breeds alters post-natal growth and metabolism in pre-weaning horses. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e102044.
- Söder J, Bröjer JT, Nostell KE. Interday variation and effect of transportation on indirect blood pressure measurements, plasma endothelin-1 and serum cortisol in Standardbred and Icelandic horses. Acta Vet Scand 2012 Jun 10;54(1):37.
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