Determination of zearalenone and its metabolites in urine, plasma and faeces of horses by HPLC-APCI-MS.
Abstract: The paper describes a method for the sensitive and selective determination of zearalenone and its metabolites in urine, plasma and faeces of horses by high performance liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS). While only one step sample clean-up by an immunoaffinity column (IAC) was sufficient for plasma samples, urine and faeces samples had to be prepared by a combination of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) and an immunoaffinity column. The method allows the simultaneous determination of zearalenone and all of its metabolites; alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, alpha-zearalanol, beta-zearalanol and zearalanone. Dideuterated zearalanone was used as internal standard for quantification and the study of the matrix effect. Recovery rates between 56 and slightly above 100% were achieved in urine samples, and more than 80% in plasma and faeces samples. The limits of detection ranged from 0.1-0.5 microg/l or microg/kg, the limits of quantification from 0.5-1.0 microg/l or microg/kg. The practical use of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of spiked and naturally contaminated urine, plasma and faeces of horses.
Publication Date: 2006-07-07 PubMed ID: 16828347DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.06.012Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research paper discusses the development and testing of a new method for detecting zearalenone and its metabolic byproducts in the urine, blood plasma, and feces of horses.
Research Methodology
- The researchers developed a method using high performance liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) to selectively and sensitively determine the presence of zearalenone and its metabolites.
- The paper studied zearalenone and its metabolites; alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, alpha-zearalanol, beta-zearalanol and zearalanone.
- The testing process involved the use of a sample clean-up step conducted through an immunoaffinity column (IAC). This step was found sufficient for plasma samples but needed to be combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) for urine and feces samples.
- In the quantification and study of the matrix effect, Dideuterated zearalanone was used as an internal standard.
Findings
- The new method showed promising results with recovery rates showing great variation in urine samples, ranging from 56% to slightly over 100%. For plasma and feces samples, the hit rate was more than 80%.
- The limit of detection for this method was found to be between 0.1-0.5 microg/l or microg/kg, and the limits of quantification being between 0.5-1.0 microg/l or microg/kg.
- The practical applicability of the method was demonstrated by conducting analysis of spiked and naturally contaminated urine, plasma and faeces of horses.
Significance and Implications
- This research offers a potential new approach for detecting and identifying the presence of zearalenone and its metabolites in horse samples.
- It further contributes to existing knowledge on analytical methodologies for toxicological research on animal species, focusing on horses in this case.
- Given the accuracy and efficiency of this method, it can serve as an essential tool for regulating horse doping, ensuring animal health, and determining the presence of harmful substances in animal farming and racing sectors.
Cite This Article
APA
Songsermsakul P, Sontag G, Cichna-Markl M, Zentek J, Razzazi-Fazeli E.
(2006).
Determination of zearalenone and its metabolites in urine, plasma and faeces of horses by HPLC-APCI-MS.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 843(2), 252-261.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.06.012 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
MeSH Terms
- Analytic Sample Preparation Methods
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
- Feces / chemistry
- Horses
- Mass Spectrometry / methods
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Zearalenone / analysis
- Zearalenone / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Statsyuk NV, Popletaeva SB, Shcherbakova LA. Post-Harvest Prevention of Fusariotoxin Contamination of Agricultural Products by Irreversible Microbial Biotransformation: Current Status and Prospects.. BioTech (Basel) 2023 May 5;12(2).
- Ropejko K, Twarużek M. Zearalenone and Its Metabolites-General Overview, Occurrence, and Toxicity.. Toxins (Basel) 2021 Jan 6;13(1).
- Tardieu D, Travel A, Metayer JP, Le Bourhis C, Guerre P. Zearalenone and Metabolites in Livers of Turkey Poults and Broiler Chickens Fed with Diets Containing Fusariotoxins.. Toxins (Basel) 2020 Aug 15;12(8).
- Sergeyeva T, Yarynka D, Dubey L, Dubey I, Piletska E, Linnik R, Antonyuk M, Ternovska T, Brovko O, Piletsky S, El'skaya A. Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membranes and Smartphone for Detection of Fusarium Contamination in Cereals.. Sensors (Basel) 2020 Aug 1;20(15).
- Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Kwaśniewska K, Ludwiczak A, Skrzyniarz P, Jakubowski R, Nowak W, Wojtczak A, Buszewski B. Towards A New Approach for the Description of Cyclo⁻2,4-Dihydroxybenzoate, A Substance Which Effectively Mimics Zearalenone in Imprinted Polymers Designed for Analyzing Selected Mycotoxins in Urine.. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Mar 29;20(7).
- Shao M, Yao M, Saeger S, Yan L, Song S. Carbon Quantum Dots Encapsulated Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescence Quenching Particles for Sensitive Detection of Zearalenone in Corn Sample.. Toxins (Basel) 2018 Oct 28;10(11).
- Rhouati A, Bulbul G, Latif U, Hayat A, Li ZH, Marty JL. Nano-Aptasensing in Mycotoxin Analysis: Recent Updates and Progress.. Toxins (Basel) 2017 Oct 28;9(11).
- Buranatragool K, Poapolathep S, Isariyodom S, Imsilp K, Klangkaew N, Poapolathep A. Dispositions and tissue residue of zearalenone and its metabolites α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol in broilers.. Toxicol Rep 2015;2:351-356.
- Escrivá L, Font G, Manyes L, Berrada H. Studies on the Presence of Mycotoxins in Biological Samples: An Overview.. Toxins (Basel) 2017 Aug 18;9(8).
- Afzali D, Padash M, Mostafavi A. Determination of trace amounts of zearalenone in beverage samples with an electrochemical sensor.. Mycotoxin Res 2015 Nov;31(4):203-8.
- Liesener K, Curtui V, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Usleber E. Mycotoxins in horse feed.. Mycotoxin Res 2010 Feb;26(1):23-30.
- Bravin F, Duca RC, Balaguer P, Delaforge M. In vitro cytochrome p450 formation of a mono-hydroxylated metabolite of zearalenone exhibiting estrogenic activities: possible occurrence of this metabolite in vivo.. Int J Mol Sci 2009 Apr 21;10(4):1824-37.
- Kralj Cigić I, Prosen H. An overview of conventional and emerging analytical methods for the determination of mycotoxins.. Int J Mol Sci 2009 Jan;10(1):62-115.
- Minervini F, Dell'Aquila ME. Zearalenone and reproductive function in farm animals.. Int J Mol Sci 2008 Dec;9(12):2570-2584.
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