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Home / Equine Research Bank / Sensors (Basel) / Development of a Methodology for Low-Cost 3D Underwater Moti...
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023; 23(21); doi: 10.3390/s23218832

Development of a Methodology for Low-Cost 3D Underwater Motion Capture: Application to the Biomechanics of Horse Swimming.

Abstract: Hydrotherapy has been utilized in horse rehabilitation programs for over four decades. However, a comprehensive description of the swimming cycle of horses is still lacking. One of the challenges in studying this motion is 3D underwater motion capture, which holds potential not only for understanding equine locomotion but also for enhancing human swimming performance. In this study, a marker-based system that combines underwater cameras and markers drawn on horses is developed. This system enables the reconstruction of the 3D motion of the front and hind limbs of six horses throughout an entire swimming cycle, with a total of twelve recordings. The procedures for pre- and post-processing the videos are described in detail, along with an assessment of the estimated error. This study estimates the reconstruction error on a checkerboard and computes an estimated error of less than 10 mm for segments of tens of centimeters and less than 1 degree for angles of tens of degrees. This study computes the 3D joint angles of the front limbs (shoulder, elbow, carpus, and front fetlock) and hind limbs (hip, stifle, tarsus, and hind fetlock) during a complete swimming cycle for the six horses. The ranges of motion observed are as follows: shoulder: 17 ± 3°; elbow: 76 ± 11°; carpus: 99 ± 10°; front fetlock: 68 ± 12°; hip: 39 ± 3°; stifle: 68 ± 7°; tarsus: 99 ± 6°; hind fetlock: 94 ± 8°. By comparing the joint angles during a swimming cycle to those observed during classical gaits, this study reveals a greater range of motion (ROM) for most joints during swimming, except for the front and hind fetlocks. This larger ROM is usually achieved through a larger maximal flexion angle (smaller minimal angle of the joints). Finally, the versatility of the system allows us to imagine applications outside the scope of horses, including other large animals and even humans.
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Publication Date: 2023-10-30 PubMed ID: 37960531PubMed Central: PMC10647488DOI: 10.3390/s23218832Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study focuses on a newly-developed low-cost approach to capturing 3D underwater motion, specifically applied to the swimming biomechanics of horses. This novel marker-based system has helped in better understanding equine locomotion, and holds potential applications in the enhancement of human swimming performance as well.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers developed a marker-based system combining underwater cameras and clearly marked points on horses.
  • This system allowed the researchers to capture and reconstruct the movement of both front and hind limbs of six different horses throughout one complete swimming cycle.
  • This study involved 12 recordings, covering motion from different perspectives.
  • The researchers detailed the process of pre- and post-processing of the captured footage.
  • The study estimated potential reconstruction errors by testing on a checkerboard and calculated an acceptable margin of error.

Results and Findings

  • The system computed the 3D joint angles of the horse’s front and hind limbs during a complete swimming cycle.
  • The various points measured included the shoulder, elbow, carpus, front fetlock, hip, stifle, tarsus, and hind fetlock.
  • By comparing the joint angles during the swimming cycle against those observed during standard gaits, it was found that a majority of joints had a greater range of motion (ROM) while swimming.
  • A further examination estimated that the larger ROM was achieved primarily through increased maximum flexion angles.

Potential Applications

  • The researchers suggest that this methodology holds promising potential applications beyond the study of horses.
  • Given its cost-effective nature and the depth of information it can capture, it can potentially be applied in understanding the swimming patterns of other large animals.
  • Similarly, it also holds potential in enhancing human performance in swimming by examining underwater biomechanics with greater detail.

Cite This Article

APA
Giraudet C, Moiroud C, Beaumont A, Gaulmin P, Hatrisse C, Azevedo E, Denoix JM, Ben Mansour K, Martin P, Audigié F, Chateau H, Marin F. (2023). Development of a Methodology for Low-Cost 3D Underwater Motion Capture: Application to the Biomechanics of Horse Swimming. Sensors (Basel), 23(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218832

Publication

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 1424-8220
NlmUniqueID: 101204366
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 23
Issue: 21

Researcher Affiliations

Giraudet, Chloé
  • Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (UMR CNRS 7338), Centre of Excellence for Human and Animal Movement Biomechanics (CoEMoB), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Alliance Sorbonne Université, 60200 Compiègne, France.
Moiroud, Claire
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Beaumont, Audrey
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Gaulmin, Pauline
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Hatrisse, Chloé
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
  • Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, 69622 Lyon, France.
Azevedo, Emeline
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Denoix, Jean-Marie
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Ben Mansour, Khalil
  • Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (UMR CNRS 7338), Centre of Excellence for Human and Animal Movement Biomechanics (CoEMoB), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Alliance Sorbonne Université, 60200 Compiègne, France.
Martin, Pauline
  • LIM France, Chemin Fontaine de Fanny, 24300 Nontron, France.
Audigié, Fabrice
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Chateau, Henry
  • CIRALE, USC 957 BPLC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Marin, Frédéric
  • Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (UMR CNRS 7338), Centre of Excellence for Human and Animal Movement Biomechanics (CoEMoB), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Alliance Sorbonne Université, 60200 Compiègne, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Swimming
  • Motion Capture
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Locomotion
  • Ankle Joint

Grant Funding

  • ANR-20-CE19-0016 / Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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