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Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology2018; 151; 163-168; doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.012

Development of an ELISA assay to determine neutralising capacity of horse serum following immunisation with Daboia siamensis venom in Myanmar.

Abstract: Snakebite envenoming is a serious problem in Myanmar. The great majority of snakebite in this country is due to Russell's Viper (Daboia siamensis). For many years, the Burma Pharmaceutical Industry has produced a monovalent antivenom to Russell's Viper in horses. At present, the only way of determining the level of antibody against D. siamensis venom in hyperimmune horse serum is to perform venom neutralisation tests in mice. In this study, we describe the development of an in vitro ELISA assay to estimate neutralising capacity of horse serum. We found a strong correlation between the ELISA assay and the venom neutralisation test in mice (r = 0.982). The assay is robust and has sufficient sensitivity (92%) and specificity (96%) to replace the venom neutralisation test in mice during the immunisation phase in horses.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2018-07-11 PubMed ID: 30017790DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.012Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research discusses the development of an ELISA assay for determining the antibody levels against Daboia siamensis (Russell’s Viper) venom in horse serum. The results indicate a strong correlation with the existing venom neutralisation tests in mice, suggesting it can replace the latter for improved sensitivity and specificity.

Introduction and Objective

  • The study is centered around snakebite envenoming, a critical health issue in Myanmar, primarily caused by Russell’s Viper (Daboia siamensis).
  • The Burma Pharmaceutical Industry produces antivenom against D. siamensis using horses.
  • The current method to ascertain the level of anti-D. siamensis venom antibodies in horse serum involves venom neutralisation tests in mice, which has its limitations.
  • This research proposes the use of an in vitro Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), a common laboratory test, for determining the neutralising capacity of horse serum against the venom.

Methodology

  • The researchers developed the ELISA assay for testing the horse serum.
  • The hypothesis was that the ELISA assay would have a strong correlation with the existing venom neutralisation test in mice.
  • The study aimed to check the robustness of the ELISA assay and its sensitivity and specificity levels.

Findings

  • The development of the ELISA assay was successful.
  • There was a significant correlation (r = 0.982) between the findings of the ELISA assay and the venom neutralisation test in mice.
  • The ELISA assay displayed high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (96%), implying that it was highly accurate and reliable.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The assay can effectively estimate the neutralising capacity of horse serum against D. siamensis venom.
  • Given its high sensitivity and specificity, the ELISA assay can potentially replace the venom neutralisation test in mice during the horse immunisation process, making it a more sophisticated and accurate method.

Cite This Article

APA
Khaing EM, Hurtado PR, Hurtado E, Zaw A, White J, Warrell DA, Alfred S, Mahmood MA, Peh CA. (2018). Development of an ELISA assay to determine neutralising capacity of horse serum following immunisation with Daboia siamensis venom in Myanmar. Toxicon, 151, 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.012

Publication

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
ISSN: 1879-3150
NlmUniqueID: 1307333
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 151
Pages: 163-168
PII: S0041-0101(18)30308-8

Researcher Affiliations

Khaing, Ei Mon
  • Burma Pharmaceutical Industry, Yangon, Myanmar.
Hurtado, Plinio R
  • Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia; University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Hurtado, Ernesto
  • University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Zaw, Aung
  • Burma Pharmaceutical Industry, Yangon, Myanmar.
White, Julian
  • University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia, Australia.
Warrell, David A
  • Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
Alfred, Sam
  • Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia.
Mahmood, Mohammad Afzal
  • University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Peh, Chen Au
  • Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia; University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: chen.peh@adelaide.edu.au.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies
  • Antivenins / immunology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
  • Horses
  • Immunization
  • Russell's Viper
  • Viper Venoms / immunology

Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
  1. Bhatia S, Blotra A, Vasudevan K. Evaluating Antivenom Efficacy against Echis carinatus Venoms-Screening for In Vitro Alternatives.. Toxins (Basel) 2022 Jul 13;14(7).
    doi: 10.3390/toxins14070481pubmed: 35878219google scholar: lookup
  2. Op den Brouw B, Coimbra FCP, Casewell NR, Ali SA, Vonk FJ, Fry BG. A Genus-Wide Bioactivity Analysis of Daboia (Viperinae: Viperidae) Viper Venoms Reveals Widespread Variation in Haemotoxic Properties.. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Dec 15;22(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms222413486pubmed: 34948283google scholar: lookup
  3. Liu CC, Hsiao YC, Chu LJ, Wang PJ, Liu CH, Hsieh WC, Yu JS. Development of Antibody Detection ELISA Based on Immunoreactive Toxins and Toxin-Derived Peptides to Evaluate the Neutralization Potency of Equine Plasma against Naja atra in Taiwan.. Toxins (Basel) 2021 Nov 19;13(11).
    doi: 10.3390/toxins13110818pubmed: 34822602google scholar: lookup
  4. Khunsap S, Promruangreang K, Suntrarachun S, Noiphrom J, Khow O. Local inflammatory mediators alterations induced by Daboia siamensis venom.. Toxicon X 2021 Nov;12:100085.
    doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100085pubmed: 34693275google scholar: lookup
  5. Okumu MO, Mbaria JM, Gikunju JK, Mbuthia PG, Madadi VO, Ochola FO, Jepkorir MS. Artemia salina as an animal model for the preliminary evaluation of snake venom-induced toxicity.. Toxicon X 2021 Nov;12:100082.
    doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2021.100082pubmed: 34471870google scholar: lookup
  6. Gutiérrez JM, Vargas M, Segura Á, Herrera M, Villalta M, Solano G, Sánchez A, Herrera C, León G. In Vitro Tests for Assessing the Neutralizing Ability of Snake Antivenoms: Toward the 3Rs Principles.. Front Immunol 2020;11:617429.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617429pubmed: 33505403google scholar: lookup
  7. Oliveira IS, Pucca MB, Sampaio SV, Arantes EC. Antivenomic approach of different Crotalus durissus collilineatus venoms.. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018;24:34.
    doi: 10.1186/s40409-018-0169-4pubmed: 30534148google scholar: lookup
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