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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Parasitol / Development of EMA-2 recombinant antigen based enzyme-linked...
Veterinary parasitology2013; 198(1-2); 10-17; doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.030

Development of EMA-2 recombinant antigen based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for seroprevalence studies of Theileria equi infection in Indian equine population.

Abstract: Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-transmitted protozoan disease caused by Theileria equi and/or Babesia caballi. In the present study, we expressed a 53kDa protein from the truncated EMA-2 gene of T. equi (Indian strain) and developed EMA-2ELISA using this expressed protein. This ELISA is able to detect T. equi-specific antibodies in experimentally infected animals as early as 9 days post-infection. The assay developed was validated with the OIE recommended competitive ELISA (cELISA) on 120 serum samples and significant agreement (kappa=0.93) was observed between results of both the ELISAs which indicates suitability of EMA-2ELISA for use in sero-diagnosis. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of EMA-2ELISA - as compared with cELISA - were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. Analysis of 5651 equine serum samples - collected during 2007-2012 from 12 states of India representing eight agro-climatic zones - by EMA-2ELISA revealed 32.65% seroprevalence of T. equi in India. In conclusion, the EMA-2ELISA developed using the T. equi EMA-2 recombinant protein as antigen for detecting T. equi-specific antibodies has good diagnostic potential for sero-epidemiological surveys.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2013-09-07 PubMed ID: 24070779DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.030Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focused on the development of a test (EMA-2ELISA) that uses a specifically expressed protein, EMA-2, to detect the presence of Theileria equi infection in horses. The study revealed a noteworthy prevalence of this infection among Indian equine populations.

Objective of the Research

  • The main objective of this study was to develop an improved diagnostic test using the protein from the EMA-2 gene of Theileria equi (T.equi). T. equi is a protozoan parasite transmitted by ticks which causes a disease known as equine piroplasmosis in horses.

Methodology

  • A protein from the EMA-2 gene of T. equi (Indian strain) was expressed and used to develop the EMA-2ELISA test.
  • This test was able to detect T. equi-specific antibodies in infected animals as early as 9 days post-infection, potentially enabling early diagnosis of the infection.
  • The efficacy of the newly developed test was compared with the OIE recommended competitive ELISA (cELISA) using 120 serum samples.

Findings

  • The comparison findings indicated substantial agreement (kappa=0.93) between the results of EMA-2ELISA and cELISA tests, suggesting that EMA-2ELISA could be an effective alternative for sero-diagnosis.
  • The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of EMA-2ELISA in reference to cELISA were found to be 0.97 and 0.96, respectively, further proving its accuracy and reliability.
  • Further application of the EMA-2ELISA on 5651 equine serum samples, collected from 2007 to 2012, from 12 different Indian states revealed a 32.65% seroprevalence of T. equi infection. This demonstrates the high prevalence of the disease in the Indian equine population.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that the EMA-2ELISA, developed using the T. equi EMA-2 recombinant protein antigen, has robust diagnostic potential for sero-epidemiological surveys, providing a mechanism for better detection and thus control of equine piroplasmosis.

Cite This Article

APA
Kumar S, Kumar R, Gupta AK, Yadav SC, Goyal SK, Khurana SK, Singh RK. (2013). Development of EMA-2 recombinant antigen based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for seroprevalence studies of Theileria equi infection in Indian equine population. Vet Parasitol, 198(1-2), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.08.030

Publication

Veterinary parasitology
ISSN: 1873-2550
NlmUniqueID: 7602745
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 198
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 10-17
PII: S0304-4017(13)00494-9

Researcher Affiliations

Kumar, Sanjay
  • National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India. Electronic address: kumarsanjay66@yahoo.com.
Kumar, Rajender
    Gupta, Ashok K
      Yadav, Suresh C
        Goyal, Sachin K
          Khurana, Sandip K
            Singh, Raj K

              MeSH Terms

              • Animals
              • Antigens, Protozoan / immunology
              • Babesia / classification
              • Babesia / genetics
              • DNA / genetics
              • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
              • Equidae
              • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
              • Horse Diseases / parasitology
              • Horses
              • India / epidemiology
              • Lysophospholipids
              • Protozoan Proteins / genetics
              • RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / genetics
              • Recombinant Proteins / immunology
              • Reproducibility of Results
              • Sensitivity and Specificity
              • Seroepidemiologic Studies
              • Theileria / isolation & purification
              • Theileriasis / diagnosis
              • Theileriasis / epidemiology
              • Theileriasis / parasitology

              Citations

              This article has been cited 5 times.
              1. Coultous R, Gotić J, McCann M, Sutton D, Beck R, Shiels B. Novel equi merozoite antigen (ema-1) gene heterogeneity in a geographically isolated Theileria equi population in Croatia. Parasit Vectors 2022 Oct 31;15(1):401.
                doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05484-4pubmed: 36316753google scholar: lookup
              2. Tirosh-Levy S, Gottlieb Y, Fry LM, Knowles DP, Steinman A. Twenty Years of Equine Piroplasmosis Research: Global Distribution, Molecular Diagnosis, and Phylogeny. Pathogens 2020 Nov 8;9(11).
                doi: 10.3390/pathogens9110926pubmed: 33171698google scholar: lookup
              3. Tirosh-Levy S, Steinman A, Levy H, Katz Y, Shtilman M, Gottlieb Y. Parasite load and genotype are associated with clinical outcome of piroplasm-infected equines in Israel. Parasit Vectors 2020 May 20;13(1):267.
                doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04133-ypubmed: 32434550google scholar: lookup
              4. Sunday Idoko I, Tirosh-Levy S, Leszkowicz Mazuz M, Mohammed Adam B, Sikiti Garba B, Wesley Nafarnda D, Steinman A. Genetic Characterization of Piroplasms in Donkeys and Horses from Nigeria. Animals (Basel) 2020 Feb 18;10(2).
                doi: 10.3390/ani10020324pubmed: 32085574google scholar: lookup
              5. Maharana BR, Tewari AK, Saravanan BC, Sudhakar NR. Important hemoprotozoan diseases of livestock: Challenges in current diagnostics and therapeutics: An update. Vet World 2016 May;9(5):487-95.
                doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.487-495pubmed: 27284225google scholar: lookup
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