Diagnosis and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus infected in horses.
Abstract: Nervous disorders were found in two horses and verified as aseptic encephalitis by necropsy in the summer of 2000. To investigate agents that affected the horses, diagnostic procedures involving virus isolation, neutralization test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed. We intracranially inoculated litters of suckling mice with tissues suspected of containing aseptic encephalitis, including cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, and cerebrospinal fluids; the mice were then observed for 14 days. Neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis (JE) viruses were present in the cerebrospinal fluid of the horses in titers of 10. Sequences of 500 nucleotides of the premembrane gene of JE virus, synthesized by RT-PCR, from both the cerebrum and cerebellum were determined. The phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the premembrane gene revealed a relationship with the JE virus. The divergences at the nucleotide level of 1.2-5.7% and at the amino acid level of 0-4.3% were conserved with other JE strains. The results demonstrated that the pathogens causing equine encephalitis were JE viruses. The strains were closely related to Taiwanese isolates.
Publication Date: 2002-11-27 PubMed ID: 12449242DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00509.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research investigates the cause of nervous disorders in horses, identifying the Japanese Encephalitis virus as the culprit through a combination of virus isolation, neutralization testing, and genetic analysis.
Objective of the Research
- The aim of this study was to identify the cause of nervous disorders observed in two horses in the summer of 2000. The disorders were confirmed to be aseptic encephalitis, an inflammatory brain disease, during a post-mortem examination.
Research Methodology
- To probe what was affecting the horses, a series of diagnostic tests were conducted, including virus isolation, neutralization testing, and a method known as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
- Virus isolation involved injecting tissue samples taken from the horses’ brains and cerebrospinal fluid into lab mice and monitoring them for two weeks.
- The neutralization tests were done to identify if there were antibodies against the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus present in the horses’ cerebrospinal fluid.
- Using RT-PCR, sequences of the JE virus’s premembrane gene were synthesized and analyzed.
Results and Findings
- The neutralization tests revealed the presence of antibodies against the JE virus in the horses’ cerebrospinal fluid, indicating that the animals had been infected by the virus.
- The genetic analysis of the JE virus’s gene sequences from the horses’ cerebrum and cerebellum showed a close relationship with the JE virus.
- There were slight divergences in the nucleotide sequences (1.2-5.7%) and in the protein sequences (0-4.3%) when compared to other JE virus strains.
- The overall results indicated that the cause of the nervous disorders in the horses was the JE virus.
- The strains of the virus found in the horses were found to be closely related to strains previously isolated in Taiwan.
Cite This Article
APA
Lian WC, Liau MY, Mao CL.
(2002).
Diagnosis and genetic analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus infected in horses.
J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 49(8), 361-365.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00509.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Vaccine Center, Center for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. wcl@cdc.gov.tw
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / isolation & purification
- Encephalitis, Japanese / diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Japanese / epidemiology
- Encephalitis, Japanese / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Neutralization Tests / veterinary
- Phylogeny
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Taiwan / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Putra IGAA, Adi AAAM, Astawa INM, Kardena IM, Wandia IN, Soma IG, Brotcorne F, Fuentes A. First survey on seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Bali, Indonesia.. Vet World 2022 May;15(5):1341-1346.
- Ladreyt H, Durand B, Dussart P, Chevalier V. How Central Is the Domestic Pig in the Epidemiological Cycle of Japanese Encephalitis Virus? A Review of Scientific Evidence and Implications for Disease Control.. Viruses 2019 Oct 15;11(10).
- Kumar B, Manuja A, Gulati BR, Virmani N, Tripathi BN. Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Equines and Their Impact on Human and Animal Health.. Open Virol J 2018;12:80-98.
- Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Kumar S, Singh RK. Isolation and genetic characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus from equines in India.. J Vet Sci 2012 Jun;13(2):111-8.
- Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Khurana SK, Singh RK. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India.. J Vet Sci 2011 Dec;12(4):341-5.
- Bosco-Lauth A, Mason G, Bowen R. Pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in a golden hamster model and evaluation of flavivirus cross-protective immunity.. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011 May;84(5):727-32.
- Kitai Y, Shoda M, Kondo T, Konishi E. Epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate west nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections in equine sera.. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007 Aug;14(8):1024-31.
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