Diagnosis of arboviruses using indirect sandwich IgG ELISA in horses from the Brazilian Amazon.
Abstract: The Amazon as a whole is the largest reservoir of arboviruses worldwide, while the Brazilian Amazon hosts the largest variety of arboviruses isolated to date. In this study, the results of an indirect sandwich IgG ELISA, standardized for 19 arbovirustypes circulating among horses in Brazilian Amazon, were compared to results of the hemagglutination inhibition test. A screening test assessed the conditional probability distribution and a Pearson linear correlation test determined the correlation strength among the absorbance values recorded for viruses from the same family. Results: Sensitivity varied between 40.85 and 100%; the specificity was low and ranged from 39.71 to 67.0%; and the accuracy varied between 41 and 65.2%. The test developed in this study yielded a large number of serological cross-reactions. Conclusions: The test can be employed to detect IgG antibodies within one arbovirus family; however, the hemagglutination test or other more specific techniques, such as the serum neutralization test in mice or the plaque-reduction neutralization test, are essential complementary methods for positive cases.
Publication Date: 2014-07-03 PubMed ID: 25013410PubMed Central: PMC4091646DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-29Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article presents a study that evaluates a method of diagnosing arboviruses (a type of viruses spread by arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks) in horses in the Brazilian Amazon using an indirect sandwich IgG ELISA. The results of the method were then compared with those of a hemagglutination inhibition test. While the test proved to be able to detect IgG antibodies within one arbovirus family, the study concluded that more specific techniques are required for verifying positive cases due to a significant number of serological cross-reactions.
Methodology and Tests Used
- The study employed an indirect sandwich IgG ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). This is a test method used for detecting and measuring antibodies in a sample, which is in this case, from horses in the Brazilian Amazon.
- These results were then compared to those of a Hemagglutination Inhibition Test. This test is used to measure the ability of antibodies to interfere with the agglutination of red blood cells.
- Additionally, a screening test was used to gauge the conditional probability distribution, and a Pearson linear correlation test was used to figure out the correlation strength among the absorbance values recorded for the viruses from the same family.
Findings and Result Analysis
- The sensitivity of the test, i.e., how well the test identifies true positives, varied significantly, ranging from just 40.85% for some arbovirus types to a full 100% for others.
- The specificity – the test’s ability to correctly identify those without the disease – was particularly low, falling within the 39.71% to 67% range.
- The overall accuracy of the test, i.e., how well the test correctly identifies both positive and negative cases, also fluctuated greatly, from 41% to 65.2%.
- The study highlighted that the ELISA test led to a considerable amount of serological cross-reactions. This means that false positives were a frequent occurrence as the test often confused antibodies pertaining to different viruses.
Conclusions and Recommendations
- While the indirect sandwich IgG ELISA can be used to detect IgG antibodies within one arbovirus family, unfortunately, the frequency of cross-reactions makes it unsuitable to be the sole method for detection and diagnosis.
- The study suggests relying on more specific techniques such as the serum neutralization test in mice or the plaque-reduction neutralization test to confirm positive ELISA outcomes.
- These complementary methods are necessary to confirm if indeed the detected antibodies are a result of the virus in question and not a cross-reaction from another similar virus.
Cite This Article
APA
Casseb Ado R, Nunes MR, Rodrigues SG, Travassos da Rosa ES, Casseb LM, Casseb SM, da Silva SP, Rodrigues ED, Vasconcelos PF.
(2014).
Diagnosis of arboviruses using indirect sandwich IgG ELISA in horses from the Brazilian Amazon.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis, 20, 29.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1678-9199-20-29 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institute of Health and Livestock Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará State 66077-901, Brazil.
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará State, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Institute of Health and Livestock Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, Pará State 66077-901, Brazil.
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil ; Department of Pathology, Pará State University, Belém, Pará State, Brazil.
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Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Bai F, Denyoh PMD, Urquhart C, Shrestha S, Yee DA. A Comprehensive Review of the Neglected and Emerging Oropouche Virus. Viruses 2025 Mar 19;17(3).
- Steck MR, Buenemann M, Vasilakis N. Bussuquara Virus: A Neglected Orthoflavivirus with Broad Distribution Across Central and South America and the Caribbean. Viruses 2025 Jan 27;17(2).
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