Diagnostic methods to detect uterus illnesses in mares.
Abstract: Uterine illnesses are the major problem in horse reproductive programs. The diagnosis of these pathologies is often neglected or does not provide enough information about the cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate different diagnoses to provide more accurate information about endometritis and the real endometrial profile at the beginning of a breeding season. Fifty-one mares with reproductive failure were evaluated. Two different uterine cytology diagnoses, culture of uterine flush material and biopsy assay, were performed. The data were analyzed by the Chi-squared test to compare different diagnostic methods for the same sample from each mare, and sensitivity and specificity tests were performed. Most of evaluations showed no association between cytology and other diagnostic methods, except with bacterial culture. The most common bacterium found was Escherichia colli, but it was not associated with neutrophil presence in cytology. The presence of β-hemolitic streptococcus was well characterized by positive cytology and cloudy lavage fluid aspect. Endometrial profile was affected by age and whether the mare was a donor or recipient. The most sensitive diagnostic method was gross aspect of lavage fluid. Endometritis should be diagnosed by at least two methods to increase accuracy. Endometritis is not the only uterine disease that causes embryo loss, since endometrial fibrosis can also be a cause.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2018-04-09 PubMed ID: 29665574DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.042Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article discusses a comprehensive study carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various diagnostic methods in detecting uterine illnesses, specifically endometritis, in mares at the onset of a breeding season.
Objective of the Study
- The study was conducted to assess different diagnostic approaches such as uterine cytology diagnoses, uterine flush material culture, and biopsy assay, to provide more precise information about endometritis, a common uterine illness in mares, and to accurately determine the endometrial profile at the start of a breeding season.
Methods and Sample
- The research involved evaluating 51 mares that had previously experienced reproductive failure.
- Each mare underwent different diagnostic procedures including a couple of uterine cytology diagnoses, culture of uterine flush material and biopsy assay.
- The collected data were then analyzed using the Chi-squared statistical test. This was done to compare the different diagnostic methods applied on the same sample from each mare. Moreover, sensitivity and specificity tests were conducted to gauge the effectiveness of each diagnostic method.
Findings of the Study
- The study noted a lack of association between cytology and other diagnostic methods, with the exception of bacterial culture.
- The most frequently detected bacterium was Escherichia coli, although the presence of this bacterium did not correlate with the presence of neutrophils in the cytology.
- Another noteworthy finding was the relative ease of diagnosing the presence of β-hemolytic streptococcus, characterized by positive cytology and cloudy lavage fluid aspect.
- The endometrial profile was found to be significantly influenced by factors such as age and whether the mare was a donor or recipient of the embryo.
Conclusions of the Study
- The study concluded that the most sensitive diagnostic method was the gross aspect of lavage fluid.
- The researchers recommend that endometritis should be diagnosed using at least two methods to increase accuracy since relying solely on one diagnostic approach may be misleading.
- The study also highlights that endometritis is not the only uterine disease that causes embryo loss. Other conditions such as endometrial fibrosis can also lead to similar outcomes.
Cite This Article
APA
Rua MAS, Quirino CR, Ribeiro RB, Carvalho ECQ, Bernadino MLA, Bartholazzi Junior A, Cipagalta LF, Barreto MAP.
(2018).
Diagnostic methods to detect uterus illnesses in mares.
Theriogenology, 114, 285-292.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.042 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense/UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: miguelvet-rua@hotmail.com.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense/UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense/UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense/UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense/UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense/UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Medicina, Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de los Llanos, Km. 12 Vía Puerto López, PBX. 6616800, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Genetic Improvement, Northern Rio de Janeiro State University (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense/UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Biopsy
- Body Fluids
- Female
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Therapeutic Irrigation / veterinary
- Uterine Diseases / diagnosis
- Uterine Diseases / veterinary
- Uterus / cytology
- Uterus / pathology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Turco S, Gabbianelli F, Mavian CN, Pietrucci D, De Paolis L, Gialletti R, Mechelli L, De Ciucis CG, Cappelli K, Dell'Anno F, Mecocci S, Donato GG, Nervo T, Fruscione F, Crescio MI, Ghelardi A, Chillemi G, Razzuoli E. Genetic Characterization of a Novel Equus caballus Papillomavirus Isolated from a Thoroughbred Mare.. Viruses 2023 Feb 28;15(3).
- Peltoniemi O, Björkman S, Oropeza-Moe M, Oliviero C. Developments of reproductive management and biotechnology in the pig.. Anim Reprod 2019 Oct 23;16(3):524-538.
- de Holanda AGB, da Silva Leite J, Consalter A, da Silva KVGC, Dos Santos Batista BP, Fonseca ABM, Brandão FZ, Ferreira AMR. Expression of interleukins 6 and 10 and population of inflammatory cells in the equine endometrium: diagnostic implications.. Mol Biol Rep 2019 Apr;46(2):2485-2491.
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