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BMC musculoskeletal disorders2008; 9; 149; doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-149

Differential gene expression associated with postnatal equine articular cartilage maturation.

Abstract: Articular cartilage undergoes an important maturation process from neonate to adult that is reflected by alterations in matrix protein organization and increased heterogeneity of chondrocyte morphology. In the horse, these changes are influenced by exercise during the first five months of postnatal life. Transcriptional profiling was used to evaluate changes in articular chondrocyte gene expression during postnatal growth and development. Methods: Total RNA was isolated from the articular cartilage of neonatal (0-10 days) and adult (4-5 years) horses, subjected to one round of linear RNA amplification, and then applied to a 9,367-element equine-specific cDNA microarray. Comparisons were made with a dye-swap experimental design. Microarray results for selected genes (COL2A1, COMP, P4HA1, TGFB1, TGFBR3, TNC) were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Fifty-six probe sets, which represent 45 gene products, were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in chondrocytes of neonatal articular cartilage relative to chondrocytes of adult articular cartilage. Conversely, 586 probe sets, which represent 499 gene products, were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in chondrocytes of adult articular cartilage relative to chondrocytes of neonatal articular cartilage. Collagens, matrix-modifying enzymes, and provisional matrix non-collagenous proteins were expressed at higher levels in the articular cartilage of newborn foals. Those genes with increased mRNA abundance in adult chondrocytes included leucine-rich small proteoglycans, matrix assembly, and cartilage maintenance proteins. Conclusions: Differential expression of genes encoding matrix proteins and matrix-modifying enzymes between neonates and adults reflect a cellular maturation process in articular chondrocytes. Up-regulated transcripts in neonatal cartilage are consistent with growth and expansion of the articular surface. Expression patterns in mature articular cartilage indicate a transition from growth to homeostasis, and tissue function related to withstanding shear and weight-bearing stresses.
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Publication Date: 2008-11-05 PubMed ID: 18986532PubMed Central: PMC2585085DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-149Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study analyzes the changes in gene expression of articular chondrocyte, a cell found in the cartilage, during the postnatal growth and development in horses. The research indicates a transformation from growth to homeostasis in adult horse’s cartilage cells, reflecting a maturity process.

Methodology

  • The researchers isolated total RNA from the articular cartilage of neonates (0-10 days old) and adult horses (4-5 years old). The process was subjected to a round of linear RNA amplification.
  • The amplified data was applied to a 9,367-element equine-specific cDNA microarray. This is a biochip that permits multiple genetic sequences to be detected at once.
  • The comparisons were made with a dye-swap experimental design, a technique that controls for dye bias in microarray experiments.
  • To validate the microarray results, selected genes like COL2A1, COMP, P4HA1, TGFB1, TGFBR3, TNC were evaluated by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), a common technique used to measure the level of specific genetic sequences.

Results

  • The study observed 56 probe sets (representing 45 gene products) were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in the chondrocytes of neonatal articular cartilage in comparison with adult articular cartilage.
  • Contrarily, 586 probe sets (representing 499 gene products) were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in the chondrocytes of adult articular cartilage.
  • Genes such as collagens, matrix-modifying enzymes, and provisional matrix non-collagenous proteins were expressed at higher levels in the cartilage of newborn foals, suggesting growth and expansion of the articular surface.
  • Genes indicating leucine-rich small proteoglycans, matrix assembly, and cartilage maintenance proteins had increased mRNA abundance in adult chondrocytes.

Conclusions

  • The differential expression of genes encoding matrix proteins and matrix-modifying enzymes between neonates and adults shows a maturation process in the articular chondrocytes.
  • Expression patterns transitioning from growth to homeostasis in mature articular cartilage suggests the tissue’s function related to enduring shear and weight-bearing stresses.

Cite This Article

APA
Mienaltowski MJ, Huang L, Stromberg AJ, MacLeod JN. (2008). Differential gene expression associated with postnatal equine articular cartilage maturation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 9, 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-9-149

Publication

BMC musculoskeletal disorders
ISSN: 1471-2474
NlmUniqueID: 100968565
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 149

Researcher Affiliations

Mienaltowski, Michael J
  • University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA. M.Mski@uky.edu
Huang, Liping
    Stromberg, Arnold J
      MacLeod, James N

        MeSH Terms

        • Aging / genetics
        • Aging / metabolism
        • Animals
        • Cartilage, Articular / growth & development
        • Cartilage, Articular / metabolism
        • Chondrocytes / metabolism
        • Collagen Type II / genetics
        • Collagen Type II / metabolism
        • Extracellular Matrix Proteins / genetics
        • Extracellular Matrix Proteins / metabolism
        • Gene Expression Profiling
        • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / physiology
        • Growth / genetics
        • Growth / physiology
        • Homeostasis / genetics
        • Homeostasis / physiology
        • Horses / genetics
        • Horses / growth & development
        • Horses / metabolism
        • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
        • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
        • Proteoglycans / genetics
        • Proteoglycans / metabolism
        • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
        • Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics
        • Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
        • Tenascin / genetics
        • Tenascin / metabolism
        • Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / genetics
        • Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / metabolism
        • Up-Regulation / physiology
        • Weight-Bearing / physiology

        Grant Funding

        • P20 RR016481 / NCRR NIH HHS
        • P20 RR16481 / NCRR NIH HHS

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