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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Microbiol / Differential responses of Equus caballus and Equus asinus to...
Veterinary microbiology2001; 79(2); 93-109; doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00348-5

Differential responses of Equus caballus and Equus asinus to infection with two pathogenic strains of equine infectious anemia virus.

Abstract: Most in vivo studies with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) have been performed in horses and ponies (Equus caballus) with little published information available detailing the clinical responses of donkeys (Equus asinus) to infection with this virus. Consequently, donkeys were inoculated with two strains of EIAV (EIAV(PV) and EIAV(WY)) which have been documented to produce disease in E. caballus. Four ponies, 561, 562, 564 and 567 and two donkeys, 3 and 5 were infected with EIAV(PV) and one horse (94-10) and one donkey (4) were infected with EIAV(WY). Although the horse and ponies all experienced clinical signs of disease, which in some cases were severe, the donkeys remained asymptomatic throughout a 365-day observation period, except for mild transient reductions in platelet counts. The results from serological assays, virus isolation from plasma and detection of plasma-associated viral RNA by RT-PCR, indicated that initial replication of EIAV(PV) and EIAV(WY) was lower in donkeys than in horses and ponies. This conclusion was confirmed using competitive RT-PCR, in which viral RNA levels in the plasma of EIAV(PV)-infected ponies was up to 100,000-fold higher than in infected donkeys during the first 20 days post-infection (dpi). Similar results were obtained in the EIAV(WY)-infected animals, in which viral RNA burdens in the donkey at 20 dpi were 1000-fold less than in the horse. However, infection of donkey and horse monocyte-derived macrophage cultures with EIAV(PV) demonstrated that these cells in vitro were equally susceptible to virus-induced cytopathic effects and yielded similar levels of progeny virus. This result suggests that factors other than host cell permissiveness mediate the clinical differences observed between horses and donkeys infected with EIAV(PV) or EIAV(WY).
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Publication Date: 2001-03-07 PubMed ID: 11230932DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00348-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the variation in reactions of horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys (Equus asinus) when infected with two strains of the disease-causing equine infectious anemia virus. It was found that although the horses demonstrated discernible disease symptoms, the donkeys remained largely asymptomatic, suggesting that factors other than host cell permissiveness might influence the observed clinical disparities.

Study Design and Methodology

  • This study investigated the responsivity difference by infecting both horses (ponies included) and donkeys with two strains of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) known as EIAV(PV) and EIAV(WY), viruses reported to induce disease in horses.
  • Four ponies and two donkeys were infected with the EIAV(PV) strain, while one horse and one donkey were infected with the EIAV(WY) strain.
  • Following infection, the animals were observed for a 365-day period to assess and record any clinical indications of the disease.

Clinical Observations and Findings

  • While all horses showed discernible disease signs, some quite severe, the donkeys remained asymptomatic except for minor temporary reductions in platelet counts.
  • Test results from serological assays, virus isolation from plasma, and plasma-associated viral RNA detection using RT-PCR, indicated that initial replication of both EIAV(PV) and EIAV(WY) was less in donkeys than in horses.
  • This conclusion was supported by competitive RT-PCR, which revealed that viral RNA levels in the plasma of infected ponies were up to 100,000 times higher than that in infected donkeys during the first 20 days post-infection.

In-vitro Experiments and Conclusions

  • Through in-vitro infection of donkey and horse monocyte-derived macrophage cultures with EIAV(PV), it was shown that these cells were equally susceptible to virus-induced cytopathic effects and produced comparable levels of offspring virus.
  • These findings suggest that factors other than host cell receptivity might be responsible for the observed clinical variations between horses and donkeys infected with EIAV(PV) or EIAV(WY).
  • The differential responses of the animals could be a result of differences in immune system reactions, suggesting an avenue for further research into the nature of disparity and possible prevention strategies for equine infectious anemia.

Cite This Article

APA
Cook SJ, Cook RF, Montelaro RC, Issel CJ. (2001). Differential responses of Equus caballus and Equus asinus to infection with two pathogenic strains of equine infectious anemia virus. Vet Microbiol, 79(2), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00348-5

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 0378-1135
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 79
Issue: 2
Pages: 93-109

Researcher Affiliations

Cook, S J
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546, USA. sjcook@pop.uky.edu
Cook, R F
    Montelaro, R C
      Issel, C J

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Cells, Cultured
        • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
        • Equidae
        • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
        • Horses
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / classification
        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
        • Platelet Count / veterinary
        • RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / metabolism
        • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary

        Grant Funding

        • R01 CA49296 / NCI NIH HHS

        Citations

        This article has been cited 11 times.
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          doi: 10.3390/ani10122203pubmed: 33255568google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.3390/v10080435pubmed: 30126090google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1292/jvms.17-0202pubmed: 29021424google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-11-151pubmed: 25158826google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-356pubmed: 24359511google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1073/pnas.0501560102pubmed: 15985554google scholar: lookup
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