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Discovery and comparative analysis of a novel satellite, EC137, in horses and other equids.
Abstract: Centromeres are the sites of kinetochore assembly and spindle fiber attachment and consist of protein-DNA complexes in which the DNA component is typically characterized by the presence of extended arrays of tandem repeats called satellite DNA. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a 137-bp-long new satellite DNA sequence from the horse genome (EC137), which is also present, even if less abundant, in the domestic donkey, the Grevy's zebra and the Burchelli's zebra. We investigated the chromosomal distribution of the EC137 sequence in these 4 species. Moreover, we analyzed its architectural organization by high-resolution FISH. The position of this sequence with respect to the primary constriction and in relation to the 2 major horse satellite tandem repeats (37 cen and 2PI) on horse chromosomes suggests that the new centromeric equine satellite is an accessory DNA element, presumably contributing to the organization of pericentromeric chromatin. FISH on combed DNA fibers reveals that the EC137 satellite is organized in relatively short stretches (2-8 kb) which are strictly intermingled within 37 cen or 2PI arrays. This arrangement suggests that interchanges between satellite families are a frequent occurrence in the horse genome.
© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Publication Date: 2014-10-21 PubMed ID: 25342230DOI: 10.1159/000368138Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research paper discusses the finding and comparative analysis of a new satellite DNA sequence, EC137, in the genome of horses and other equids, with a focus on its organizational pattern and possible function in the organization of pericentromeric chromatin.
Discovery of EC137 Satellite DNA
- The research introduces the identification of a new satellite DNA sequence, known as EC137, in the horse genome. Satellite DNAs are typically found in centromeres – the part of a chromosome where spindle fibers attach during cell division.
- Besides horses, EC137 was also found in three other species of equids, albeit in less abundance. These species are the domestic donkey, the Grevy’s zebra, and the Burchelli’s zebra.
Chromosomal Distribution of EC137
- The researchers investigated the chromosomal distribution of the EC137 sequence in the four mentioned equine species. Understanding this can give insight into the organization and function of the satellite DNA.
Architectural Organization of EC137
- The architectural organization of EC137 was analyzed using a technique known as high-resolution Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH).
- The EC137 sequence is positioned with respect to the primary constriction and is in relation to the two major horse satellite tandem repeats, known as 37 cen and 2PI, on horse chromosomes.
- The particular arrangement of the new equine satellite suggests that it is an accessory DNA element, possibly contributing to the organization of pericentromeric chromatin (the densely packed DNA found near the center of a chromosome).
Analyzing EC137 Using FISH on Combed DNA Fibers
- The researchers conducted FISH on combed DNA fibers, which revealed that the EC137 satellite is organized in relatively short stretches, ranging from 2-8 kb, and these stretches are strictly intertwined within the 37 cen and 2PI arrays.
- This organization model suggests that interchanges between different satellite DNA families frequently occur in the horse genome, adding a new layer of understanding to the dynamic nature of genomic evolution and arrangement.
Cite This Article
APA
Nergadze SG, Belloni E, Piras FM, Khoriauli L, Mazzagatti A, Vella F, Bensi M, Vitelli V, Giulotto E, Raimondi E.
(2014).
Discovery and comparative analysis of a novel satellite, EC137, in horses and other equids.
Cytogenet Genome Res, 144(2), 114-123.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000368138 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line
- Centromere / ultrastructure
- Chromosomes / ultrastructure
- DNA / genetics
- DNA, Satellite / genetics
- Equidae
- Fibroblasts / cytology
- Genetic Vectors
- Horses
- Kinetochores / ultrastructure
- Metaphase
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Piras FM, Cappelletti E, Abdelgadir WA, Salamon G, Vignati S, Santagostino M, Sola L, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E. A Satellite-Free Centromere in Equus przewalskii Chromosome 10. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Feb 18;24(4).
- Cappelletti E, Piras FM, Sola L, Santagostino M, Abdelgadir WA, Raimondi E, Lescai F, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E. Robertsonian Fusion and Centromere Repositioning Contributed to the Formation of Satellite-free Centromeres During the Evolution of Zebras. Mol Biol Evol 2022 Aug 3;39(8).
- Piras FM, Cappelletti E, Santagostino M, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E, Raimondi E. Molecular Dynamics and Evolution of Centromeres in the Genus Equus. Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 10;23(8).
- Cappelletti E, Piras FM, Badiale C, Bambi M, Santagostino M, Vara C, Masterson TA, Sullivan KF, Nergadze SG, Ruiz-Herrera A, Giulotto E. CENP-A binding domains and recombination patterns in horse spermatocytes. Sci Rep 2019 Nov 1;9(1):15800.
- Raudsepp T, Finno CJ, Bellone RR, Petersen JL. Ten years of the horse reference genome: insights into equine biology, domestication and population dynamics in the post-genome era. Anim Genet 2019 Dec;50(6):569-597.
- Roberti A, Bensi M, Mazzagatti A, Piras FM, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E, Raimondi E. Satellite DNA at the Centromere is Dispensable for Segregation Fidelity. Genes (Basel) 2019 Jun 20;10(6).
- Nergadze SG, Piras FM, Gamba R, Corbo M, Cerutti F, McCarter JGW, Cappelletti E, Gozzo F, Harman RM, Antczak DF, Miller D, Scharfe M, Pavesi G, Raimondi E, Sullivan KF, Giulotto E. Birth, evolution, and transmission of satellite-free mammalian centromeric domains. Genome Res 2018 Jun;28(6):789-799.
- Cerutti F, Gamba R, Mazzagatti A, Piras FM, Cappelletti E, Belloni E, Nergadze SG, Raimondi E, Giulotto E. The major horse satellite DNA family is associated with centromere competence. Mol Cytogenet 2016;9:35.
- Steensma MJ, Ducro BJ, Dibbits B, Doekes HP, van Schipstal JGC, Kalblfleisch T, Groenen MAM, Derks MFL. High-quality, haplotype-resolved reference genomes of the Dutch warmblood horse and Friesian horse using trio binning. BMC Genomics 2025 Sep 1;26(1):790.
- Cappelletti E, Piras FM, Biundo M, Bellone RR, Finno CJ, Kalbfleisch TS, Petersen JL, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E. CENP-A and centromere evolution in equids. Chromosome Res 2025 Jun 30;33(1):13.
- Cappelletti E, Piras FM, Biundo M, Raimondi E, Nergadze SG, Giulotto E. CENP-A/CENP-B uncoupling in the evolutionary reshuffling of centromeres in equids. Genome Biol 2025 Feb 6;26(1):23.
- Brannan EO, Hartley GA, O'Neill RJ. Mechanisms of Rapid Karyotype Evolution in Mammals. Genes (Basel) 2023 Dec 31;15(1).
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