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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Disease progression, pathologic, and virologic findings of a...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2022; 36(6); 2230-2237; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16563

Disease progression, pathologic, and virologic findings of an equine influenza outbreak in rescue donkeys.

Abstract: Equine influenza virus is a common cause of respiratory disease in equids. Few reports describe clinical presentation and disease progression in donkeys. Objective: Describe the clinical and diagnostic findings, outcome, and pathologic lesions associated with influenza pneumonia in donkeys. Methods: Thirteen unvaccinated donkeys ranging from 1 week to 12 years of age and sharing clinical signs and exposure history. Methods: Retrospective case series. Medical records from June to July 2020 at the Colorado State Veterinary Teaching Hospital and collaborating referring veterinary practices were reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular testing, virus isolation, and partial genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the virus. Results: Survival in donkeys 1 year of age was 85.7% (6/7). Hemagglutinin gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed a contemporary clade 1 Florida sublineage H3 virus as the causative agent. Conclusions: Clinical signs of equine influenza virus infection in donkeys are similar to those observed in horses. Prognosis for survival generally is good, but deaths have been observed especially in foals born to seronegative dams. This finding emphasizes the importance of prenatal vaccination protocols in all equids, including donkeys.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2022-10-07 PubMed ID: 36205917PubMed Central: PMC9708454DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16563Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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The research investigates the effects of equine influenza virus on unvaccinated donkeys of varying ages, identifying the clinical signs, diagnosis, and outcome of the disease while highlighting the importance of prenatal vaccination.

Research Topic and Objective

  • The study focused on understanding the impact of the equine influenza virus on a group of unvaccinated donkeys, from clinical presentation and disease progression to pathological and virologic findings.
  • The objective of the study was to describe the clinical and diagnostic implications, the outcome, and the pathologic lesions associated with the influenza virus causing pneumonia in donkeys.

Methodology

  • The study was retrospective and reviewed medical records from June to July 2020 at the Colorado State Veterinary Teaching Hospital and collaborating referring veterinary practices.
  • The paper focused on thirteen donkeys that ranged in age from 1 week to 12 years, all sharing similar clinical signs and exposure history.
  • The researchers confirmed the diagnosis through molecular testing, virus isolation, and partial genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the virus.

Results

  • The study found the survival rate was significantly higher in donkeys aged more than one year, standing at 85.7%, compared to a mere 16.6% in donkeys aged less than one year.
  • The sequencing and analysis of the Hemagglutinin gene revealed that the causative agent was a contemporary clade 1 Florida sublineage H3 virus.

Conclusions

  • The clinical signs of an equine influenza virus infection in donkeys were found to be similar to those observed in horses.
  • While the prognosis for survival was generally good, deaths were especially observed in foals born to mothers lacking the antibodies for the virus i.e., seronegative dams.

Implications

  • The study reaffirms the importance of prenatal vaccination protocols for all equids, including donkeys, owing to the high mortality rate in foals born to non-immunized (seronegative) dams.

Cite This Article

APA
Ahearne MM, Pentzke-Lemus LL, Romano AM, Larsen ED, Watson AM, O'Fallon EA, Landolt GA. (2022). Disease progression, pathologic, and virologic findings of an equine influenza outbreak in rescue donkeys. J Vet Intern Med, 36(6), 2230-2237. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16563

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Pages: 2230-2237

Researcher Affiliations

Ahearne, Megan M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Pentzke-Lemus, Ligia L
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Romano, Ashley M
  • Department of of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Larsen, Eileen D
  • Department of of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Watson, Allison M
  • Department of of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
O'Fallon, Elsbeth A
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Landolt, Gabriele A
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
  • Department of of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
  • Equidae
  • Influenza, Human / epidemiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Hospitals, Animal
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Hospitals, Teaching
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
  • Disease Progression

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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