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Applied and environmental microbiology2006; 72(11); 6914-6922; doi: 10.1128/AEM.01029-06

Diversity and distribution of Escherichia coli genotypes and antibiotic resistance phenotypes in feces of humans, cattle, and horses.

Abstract: Escherichia coli is the most completely characterized prokaryotic model organism and one of the dominant indicator organisms for food and water quality testing, yet comparatively little is known about the structure of E. coli populations in their various hosts. The diversities of E. coli populations isolated from the feces of three host species (human, cow, and horse) were compared by two subtyping methods: ribotyping (using HindIII) and antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA). The sampling effort required to obtain a representative sample differed by host species, as E. coli diversity was consistently greatest in horses, followed by cattle, and was lowest in humans. The diversity of antibiotic resistance patterns isolated from individuals was consistently greater than the diversity of ribotypes. E. coli populations in individuals sampled monthly, over a 7- to 8-month period, were highly variable in terms of both ribotypes and ARA phenotypes. In contrast, E. coli populations in cattle and humans were stable over an 8-h period. Following the cessation of antibiotic therapy, the E. coli population in the feces of one human experienced a rapid and substantial shift, from a multiply antibiotic-resistant phenotype associated with a particular ribotype to a relatively antibiotic-susceptible phenotype associated with a different ribotype. The high genetic diversity of E. coli populations, differences in diversity among hosts, and temporal variability all indicate complex population dynamics that influence the usefulness of E. coli as a water quality indicator and its use in microbial source tracking studies.
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Publication Date: 2006-09-01 PubMed ID: 16950903PubMed Central: PMC1636188DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01029-06Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the diversity of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria from human, cow, and horse feces, comparing genotypes and antibiotic resistance phenotypes. The study reveals the high genetic variability of E. coli, with implications for its use in water quality tests and source tracking studies.

Methodology

  • The researchers collected E. coli samples from feces of humans, cows, and horses.
  • They used two methods for analyzing each E. coli population: ribotyping and antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA). Ribotyping refers to a method used to classify bacteria based on similarities and differences in their genetic material. ARA is a method used to evaluate the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics.
  • The sampling effort differed across host species due to varying E. coli diversity. This diversity was found to be greatest in horses, followed by cows, and was least in humans.

Findings

  • E. coli populations showed high variability in individuals over a 7- to 8-month period in terms of both ribotypes and ARA phenotypes. However, these populations remained stable in cattle and humans over an 8-hour period.
  • After a human stopped taking antibiotics, there was a significant and rapid shift in the composition of the E. coli population in their feces. The previously predominant multiply antibiotic-resistant E. coli, associated with a specific ribotype, was replaced with an E. coli phenotype more susceptible to antibiotics, associated with a different ribotype.

Implications

  • The high genetic diversity of E. coli populations, the variability observed among host species, and the temporal variability all indicated complex population dynamics.
  • These findings have implications for the use of E. coli as a water quality indicator and for its use in microbial source tracking studies. E. coli is commonly used as an indicator organism in food and water quality testing because it is usually harmless and is present in great quantities in the feces of humans and warm-blooded animals. Therefore, its presence in a water source can indicate fecal contamination. However, the complexity and variability of E. coli populations can influence the reliability of these tests and studies.

Cite This Article

APA
Anderson MA, Whitlock JE, Harwood VJ. (2006). Diversity and distribution of Escherichia coli genotypes and antibiotic resistance phenotypes in feces of humans, cattle, and horses. Appl Environ Microbiol, 72(11), 6914-6922. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01029-06

Publication

Applied and environmental microbiology
ISSN: 0099-2240
NlmUniqueID: 7605801
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 72
Issue: 11
Pages: 6914-6922

Researcher Affiliations

Anderson, Matthew A
  • Department of Biology, SCA 110, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
Whitlock, John E
    Harwood, Valerie J

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
      • Cattle
      • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
      • Escherichia coli / classification
      • Escherichia coli / drug effects
      • Escherichia coli / genetics
      • Escherichia coli / isolation & purification
      • Feces / microbiology
      • Genetic Variation
      • Genotype
      • Horses
      • Humans
      • Microbial Sensitivity Tests / methods
      • Phenotype
      • Ribotyping
      • Species Specificity

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